Rise of the Molecular Machines.
Rise of the Molecular Machines.
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.201503375
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发表时间：
2015-08-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leigh DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kay ER;Leigh DA
“当我们到达非常非常小的世界时……我们会发生很多新的事情，这些事情代表了全新的设计机会……在原子层面上，我们有新型的力、新的可能性、新的效果。材料的制造和复制问题将截然不同……受到生物现象的启发，化学力以重复的方式产生各种奇怪的效果（作者之一）……”理查德·P·费曼（Richard P. Feynman，1959）[2]长期以来认识到分子马达和机器几乎是每个生物过程的核心。从太阳获取能量、储存能量、在细胞周围运输货物、细胞运动、力的产生（在分子和宏观水平上）、复制、转录、翻译、合成、驱动化学系统偏离平衡等等——几乎每项生物任务都涉及分子机器。 [1]鉴于人类机器在宏观世界中的成功，从石器时代的轮子到现代智能手机，我们不可避免地有一天会寻求实现机器小型化的极致。然而，需要一段时间才能充分掌握必要的合成和超分子化学（以及相关物理学），以使该领域开始蓬勃发展。理查德·费曼 (Richard Feynman) 1959 年的经典演讲《底部有足够的空间》[2] 概述了人造分子机器可能带来的一些前景，这是埃里克·德雷克斯勒 (Eric Drexler) 因其颇具争议的 [3] “纳米机器人”和“分子组装机”愿景而接受的科学“品尝者”。 [4]然而，同时
“When we get to the very, very small world… we have a lot of new things that would happen that represent completely new opportunities for design… At the atomic level we have new kinds of forces and new kinds of possibilities, new kinds of effects. The problem of manufacture and reproduction of materials will be quite different… inspired by biological phenomena in which chemical forces are used in a repetitious fashion to produce all kinds of weird effects (one of which is the author)…” Richard P. Feynman (1959)[2]It has long been appreciated that molecular motors and machines are central to almost every biological process. The harvesting of energy from the sun, the storing of energy, transporting cargoes around the cell, the movement of cells, generation of force (at both the molecular and macroscopic levels), replication, transcription, translation, synthesis, driving chemical systems away from equilibrium, etc.—virtually every biological task involves molecular machines.[1] Given the success of mankind s machines in the macroscopic world, from the Stone-Age wheel to the modern-day smart phone, it was inevitable that we should one day seek to achieve the ultimate in machine miniaturization. However, it has taken some time to gain sufficient mastery over the necessary synthetic and supramolecular chemistry (and related physics) for this field to begin to flourish. Richard Feynman s classic 1959 lecture There s plenty of room at the bottom [2] outlined some of the promise that manmade molecular machines might hold, a scientific “taster” that Eric Drexler embraced for his controversial [3] vision of “nanobots” and “molecular assemblers”.[4] However, whilst