Habitat invasions by alien plants:: a quantitative comparison among Mediterranean, subcontinental and oceanic regions of Europe
Habitat invasions by alien plants:: a quantitative comparison among Mediterranean, subcontinental and oceanic regions of Europe
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01398.x
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Smart, Simon M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chytry, Milan;Maskell, Lindsay C.;Smart, Simon M.
1. 虽然外来植物入侵是自然生境生物多样性的主要威胁，但不同生境对外来植物入侵的易感性差异很大。因此，环境管理人员越来越多地使用风险评估程序来为有效的入侵植物控制规划提供信息，需要关于不同生境易受入侵程度的可靠定量信息。同样重要的是要知道，不同栖息地的入侵程度是局部特有的，还是在气候、植物群和人类影响历史不同的地区之间是一致的。我们编制了来自欧洲三个地区的52480个植被样地的数据库：加泰罗尼亚（地中海-亚地中海地区），捷克共和国（次大陆）和英国（海洋）。我们将植物种类分为新生植物、古生植物和本地植物，并计算了在欧洲自然信息系统（EUNIS）分类描述的33个生境中每一类植物所占的比例。在样地发现的545种外来物种中，只有8种出现在所有三个地区。尽管物种组成差异很大，但不同地区的栖息地入侵模式高度一致。在环境极端和营养贫乏的生境，例如沼泽、荒原和高山草原，没有或很少发现外星人。许多外来生物是在经常受到干扰、养分供应波动的生境中发现的，例如在人造生境中。新生植物也经常在沿海、沿岸和河流生境中发现。新植物通常在古植物占据的生境中发现。因此，古植物的数量可以被认为是新生物入侵风险的一个很好的预测指标。然而，新生植物对潮湿生境和受干扰的木本植被有较强的亲和性，而古植物在干燥到中等开放生境中更常见。合成与应用。生境入侵模式的区域间一致性表明，生境可以作为入侵风险评估的良好预测因子。这一发现为利用空间上明确的栖息地信息（包括未来土地利用变化情景）来确定入侵风险最高的地区开辟了前景。
1. Although invasions by alien plants are major threats to the biodiversity of natural habitats, individual habitats vary considerably in their susceptibility to invasion. Therefore the risk assessment procedures, which are used increasingly by environmental managers to inform effective planning of invasive plant control, require reliable quantitative information on the extent to which different habitats are susceptible to invasion. It is also important to know whether the levels of invasion in different habitats are locally specific or consistent among regions with contrasting climate, flora and history of human impact.2. We compiled a database of 52 480 vegetation plots from three regions of Europe: Catalonia (Mediterranean-submediterranean region), Czech Republic (subcontinental) and Great Britain (oceanic). We classified plant species into neophytes, archaeophytes and natives, and calculated the proportion of each group in 33 habitats described by the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) classification.3. Of 545 alien species found in the plots, only eight occurred in all three regions. Despite this large difference in species composition, patterns of habitat invasions were highly consistent between regions. None or few aliens were found in environmentally extreme and nutrient-poor habitats, e.g. mires, heathlands and high-mountain grasslands. Many aliens were found in frequently disturbed habitats with fluctuating nutrient availability, e.g. in man-made habitats. Neophytes were also often found in coastal, littoral and riverine habitats.4. Neophytes were found commonly in habitats also occupied by archaeophytes. Thus, the number of archaeophytes can be considered as a good predictor of the neophyte invasion risk. However, neophytes had stronger affinity to wet habitats and disturbed woody vegetation while archaeophytes tended to be more common in dry to mesic open habitats.5. Synthesis and applications. The considerable inter-regional consistency of the habitat invasion patterns suggests that habitats can be used as a good predictor for the invasion risk assessment. This finding opens promising perspectives for the use of spatially explicit information on habitats, including scenarios of future land-use change, to identify the areas of highest risk of invasion.