One-Shot Tagging During Wake and Cueing During Sleep With Spatiotemporal Patterns of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Can Boost Long-Term Metamemory of Individual Episodes in Humans
One-Shot Tagging During Wake and Cueing During Sleep With Spatiotemporal Patterns of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Can Boost Long-Term Metamemory of Individual Episodes in Humans
复制标题
利用经颅电刺激的时空模式进行唤醒期间的一次性标记和睡眠期间的提示可以增强人类对单个事件的长期元记忆
DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2019.01416
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
M. Howard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Praveen K. Pilly;Steven Skorheim;Ryan J. Hubbard;Nicholas A. Ketz;Shane M. Roach;A. Jones;B. Robert;Natalie B. Bryant;Itamar Lerner;Arno Hartholt;T. Mullins;Jaehoon Choe;V. Clark;M. Howard
在非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠中的慢波振荡（SWO）期间的目标记忆再激活（TMR）已被证明与感官线索，以实现约5-12%的改善午睡后的记忆表现在简单的实验室任务。但之前的工作既没有解决情景记忆获取的一次性方面，也没有处理现实世界中周围环境线索对感官线索的干扰。此外，具有感官线索的TMR可能无法扩展到一生中的大量体验。我们设计了一种新颖的非侵入性范例，该范例在沉浸式虚拟现实（VR）中使用经颅电刺激（tES）的独特时空幅度调制模式（STAMP）标记长达一分钟的自然主义事件的一次性体验，并在SWO期间提示它们。特别是，我们证明，这些STAMP可以重新应用为短暂的脉冲，以在连续两个晚上与SWO（0.4167 - 1秒）的UP状态在时间上一致，以实现约20%的改善，在48小时后的单次观看的目标集的元记忆，相比，控制集。目标事件的睡眠后元记忆是由他们的睡眠前元记忆和睡眠期间这些事件的STAMP应用程序之间的相互作用驱动的。夜间元记忆的改善介导的频谱功率增加6.18至6.7秒后，在睡眠期间的头皮脑电图（EEG）的左颞区的慢纺锤波带（9-12 Hz）的STAMP的偏移。这些结果规定了一个最佳的策略，以利用STAMP促进元记忆，并表明，现实世界的情节记忆可以调制有针对性的方式，即使是粗糙的，非侵入性的时空刺激。
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep has been demonstrated with sensory cues to achieve about 5-12% improvement in post-nap memory performance on simple laboratory tasks. But prior work has neither addressed the one-shot aspect of episodic memory acquisition, nor dealt with the presence of interference from ambient environmental cues in real-world settings for the sensory cues. Moreover, TMR with sensory cues may not be scalable to the multitude of experiences over one’s lifetime. We designed a novel non-invasive paradigm that tags one-shot experiences of minute-long naturalistic episodes within immersive virtual reality (VR) with unique spatiotemporal amplitude-modulated patterns (STAMPs) of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and cues them during SWOs. In particular, we demonstrate that these STAMPs can be re-applied as brief pulses to temporally coincide with UP states of SWOs (0.4167 – 1 s) on two consecutive nights to achieve about 20% improvement in the metamemory of targeted episodes at 48 hours after the one-shot viewing, compared to the control episodes. Post-sleep metamemory of the targeted episodes was driven by an interaction between their pre-sleep metamemory and the number of STAMP applications for those episodes during sleep. Overnight metamemory improvements were mediated by spectral power increases from 6.18 to 6.7 s following the offset of STAMPs in the slow-spindle band (9-12 Hz) for left temporal areas in the scalp electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep. These results prescribe an optimal strategy to leverage STAMPs for boosting metamemory and suggest that real-world episodic memories can be modulated in a targeted manner even with coarser, non-invasive spatiotemporal stimulation.