Altitude and life-history shape the evolution of Heliconius wings
Altitude and life-history shape the evolution of Heliconius wings
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海拔高度和生活史塑造了赫利科尼乌斯翅膀的进化
DOI：
10.1101/690396
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Montejo-Kovacevich G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Montejo-Kovacevich G
近缘物种之间的表型差异长期以来一直引起生物学家的兴趣。栖息在一系列环境中并具有不同自然历史的分类群可以帮助理解选择如何驱动表型分化。在蝴蝶中，翅膀的颜色模式已被广泛研究，但翅膀形状和大小的多样性还不太清楚。在这里，我们评估的相对重要性的系统发育相关性，自然历史，和栖息地塑造翅膀形态在一个大的数据集超过3500个人，代表13Heliconiusspecies从整个新热带。我们发现，幼虫和成人的行为生态与模式的翅膀两性异形和成人的大小。与群居的Heliconiusspecies和大多数鳞翅目昆虫相比，具有独居幼虫的物种具有更大的成年雄性，而雌性更大。蛹交配分支中的物种比成虫交配分支中的物种小。有趣的是，我们发现高海拔的物种往往有更圆的翅膀，在两个主要的Heliconius分支之一，也比他们的低地亲戚更大。此外，在两个广泛分布的物种中，我们发现高海拔种群也有更圆的翅膀。因此，我们揭示了新的自适应翼形态分歧Heliconiusspecies超越了自然选择对警戒翼着色。
Phenotypic divergence between closely related species has long interested biologists. Taxa that inhabit a range of environments and have diverse natural histories can help understand how selection drives phenotypic divergence. In butterflies, wing color patterns have been extensively studied but diversity in wing shape and size is less well understood. Here, we assess the relative importance of phylogenetic relatedness, natural history, and habitat on shaping wing morphology in a large dataset of over 3500 individuals, representing 13Heliconiusspecies from across the Neotropics. We find that both larval and adult behavioral ecology correlate with patterns of wing sexual dimorphism and adult size. Species with solitary larvae have larger adult males, in contrast to gregariousHeliconiusspecies, and indeed most Lepidoptera, where females are larger. Species in the pupal-mating clade are smaller than those in the adult-mating clade. Interestingly, we find that high-altitude species tend to have rounder wings and, in one of the two majorHeliconiusclades, are also bigger than their lowland relatives. Furthermore, within two widespread species, we find that high-altitude populations also have rounder wings. Thus, we reveal novel adaptive wing morphological divergence amongHeliconiusspecies beyond that imposed by natural selection on aposematic wing coloration.