'Our life is pointless ... ': Exploring discrimination, violence and mental health challenges among sexual and gender minorities from Brazil
'Our life is pointless ... ': Exploring discrimination, violence and mental health challenges among sexual and gender minorities from Brazil
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DOI：
10.1080/17441692.2020.1767676
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发表时间：
2020-05-22
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Whetten, Kathryn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malta, Monica;de Jesus, Jaqueline Gomes;Whetten, Kathryn
在全球范围内，在有可用数据的国家中，巴西针对性少数群体和性别少数群体的暴力和仇恨犯罪发生率最高。为了探讨这种情况的影响，我们对巴西里约热内卢的 50 位 SGM 进行了定性研究。在参与者中，66% 的人患有广泛性焦虑症，46% 的人患有重度抑郁症，39% 的人患有 PTSD。三分之一的人表示自尊心低（32%），四分之一的人表示社会支持低（26%）。人际歧视经历非常普遍（>60%），而 46% 的参与者报告了与就业或医疗保健相关的制度歧视。言语虐待非常常见（80%），其次是身体攻击（40%）。女性中的性暴力非常频繁。焦点小组分析强调了三个主要领域：(1) 耻辱和歧视（家人、朋友和伴侣，在学校和医疗服务中，影响社会孤立）； (2) 暴力（欺凌、骚扰、身体暴力和性暴力）； (3) 精神痛苦（酗酒和吸毒、抑郁、自杀、焦虑）。我们的研究结果表明，歧视和暴力经历与某些精神障碍之间存在密切的协同作用。这种复杂的协同作用可能可以通过长期的个人和团体层面的干预措施得到更好的解决，这些干预措施可以促进构成 SGM 的不同群体之间的社会团结。
Worldwide, Brazil has the highest prevalence of violence and hate crimes against sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) among countries with available data. To explore the impact of this scenario, we conducted a qualitative study with 50 SGMs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Among the participants, 66% screened positive for generalised anxiety disorder, 46% for major depressive disorder and 39% for PTSD. A third reported low self-esteem (32%) and one quarter low social support (26%). Experiences of interpersonal discrimination were highly prevalent (>60%), while institutional discrimination related to employment or healthcare was reported by 46% of participants. Verbal abuse is very common (80%), followed by physical assault (40%). Sexual violence is highly frequent among women. Focus groups analysis highlighted three major domains: (1) stigma and discrimination (family, friends and partners, in schools and health services, influencing social isolation); (2) violence (bullying, harassment, physical and sexual violence); and (3) mental suffering (alcohol and drug abuse, depression, suicidality, anxiety). Our findings suggest a close synergy between experiences of discrimination and violence with selected mental disorders. This complex synergy might be better addressed by longer-term individual and group-level interventions that could foster social solidarity among the different groups that comprise SGMs.