REPEATED EXPOSURES INTENSIFY RATHER THAN DIMINISH THE REWARDING EFFECTS OF AMPHETAMINE, MORPHINE, AND COCAINE
REPEATED EXPOSURES INTENSIFY RATHER THAN DIMINISH THE REWARDING EFFECTS OF AMPHETAMINE, MORPHINE, AND COCAINE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00451687
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
LETT, BT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LETT, BT
人们普遍认为，反复接触毒品会削弱毒品的愉悦效果，因此，愉悦在上瘾中只起到了很小的作用。在对大鼠的六项实验中，反复暴露于苯丙胺、吗啡或可卡因被发现增强了药物诱导的奖赏效应，这是通过条件位置偏好来衡量的。因此，获得了对奖励效应的敏感化，而不是耐受性。此外，还获得了交叉敏化；暴露于苯丙胺增强了吗啡的奖赏效应，反之亦然；同样，暴露于吗啡增强了可卡因的奖赏效应。这些发现支持一种新的理论：滥用药物会上瘾，因为反复暴露会使中央奖励机制变得敏感，因此每次吸毒都会产生逐渐增强的效果。
It is commonly believed that repeated exposures diminish the pleasurable effects of drugs and hence that pleasure must have only a minor role in addiction. In six experiments with rats, repeated exposures to amphetamine, morphine, or cocaine were found to enhance the drug-induced rewarding effect as measured by conditional place preference. Thus sensitization to the rewarding effect, rather than tolerance, was obtained. Also, cross-sensitization was obtained; exposures to amphetamine enhanced the rewarding effect of morphine and vice versa; similarly, exposures to morphine enhanced the rewarding effect of cocaine. These findings support a new theory: drugs of abuse are addictive because repeated exposures sensitize the central reward mechanism so that drug taking produces a progressively greater reinforcing effect each time it occurs.