The Dependence of CNT Aerogel Synthesis on Sulfur-driven Catalyst Nucleation Processes and a Critical Catalyst Particle Mass Concentration.

The Dependence of CNT Aerogel Synthesis on Sulfur-driven Catalyst Nucleation Processes and a Critical Catalyst Particle Mass Concentration.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-017-14775-1
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发表时间:
2017-11-06
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Boies AM
Boies AM
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hoecker C;Smail F;Pick M;Weller L;Boies AM

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浮动催化剂化学气相沉积(FC-CVD)工艺允许大规模组装纳米材料,从而能够连续生产碳纳米管(CNT)气凝胶。尽管在该领域进行了深入的研究,但关于系统内催化剂颗粒动力学如何影响碳纳米管气凝胶形成的根本不确定性仍然存在,从而限制了有效的放大。虽然FC-CVD反应器中气凝胶的形成需要催化剂(通常是铁、铁)和促进剂(通常是硫,S),但它们的协同作用还没有被充分了解。本文介绍了对S在这一过程中所起作用的理解的范式转变,新的实验研究证实S降低了催化剂纳米颗粒的成核势垒。此外,碳纳米管气凝胶的形成需要FexCy > 160 mg/m~3的临界阈值,但令人惊讶的是,它与初始催化剂直径或数浓度无关。通过使用替代催化剂系统、等离子火花发生器中的铁纳米粒子以及钴和镍的前体来生产碳纳米管,进一步证明了临界催化剂质量浓度原理的稳健性。这一发现证明,通过分离和加强催化剂的生产和控制,可以实现低成本和高通量的碳纳米管气凝胶路线,为大规模合成碳纳米管开辟了新的可能性。
The floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) process permits macro-scale assembly of nanoscale materials, enabling continuous production of carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogels. Despite the intensive research in the field, fundamental uncertainties remain regarding how catalyst particle dynamics within the system influence the CNT aerogel formation, thus limiting effective scale-up. While aerogel formation in FC-CVD reactors requires a catalyst (typically iron, Fe) and a promotor (typically sulfur, S), their synergistic roles are not fully understood. This paper presents a paradigm shift in the understanding of the role of S in the process with new experimental studies identifying that S lowers the nucleation barrier of the catalyst nanoparticles. Furthermore, CNT aerogel formation requires a critical threshold of FexCy > 160 mg/m3, but is surprisingly independent of the initial catalyst diameter or number concentration. The robustness of the critical catalyst mass concentration principle is proved further by producing CNTs using alternative catalyst systems; Fe nanoparticles from a plasma spark generator and cobaltocene and nickelocene precursors. This finding provides evidence that low-cost and high throughput CNT aerogel routes may be achieved by decoupled and enhanced catalyst production and control, opening up new possibilities for large-scale CNT synthesis.
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