Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation
Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation
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DOI：
10.1177/1756283x12459294
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Versalovic, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hemarajata, Peera;Versalovic, James
最近对人类肠道微生物群的探索表明，微生物群落的扰动可能会增加对不同疾病表型的易感性。膳食营养素可能被肠道微生物转化为代谢物，作为影响宿主调节功能的生物活性分子。益生菌可以恢复肠道微生物组的组成，并为肠道微生物群落引入有益功能，从而改善或预防肠道炎症和其他肠道或全身性疾病表型。本文综述了肠道微生物的饮食和肠内转化如何在塑造肠道微生物群落的结构和功能中发挥作用。益生菌的机制包括改变人体肠道微生物群的组成和功能，以及对免疫和神经生物学的相应影响。
Recent explorations of the human gut microbiota suggest that perturbations of microbial communities may increase predisposition to different disease phenotypes. Dietary nutrients may be converted into metabolites by intestinal microbes that serve as biologically active molecules affecting regulatory functions in the host. Probiotics may restore the composition of the gut microbiome and introduce beneficial functions to gut microbial communities, resulting in amelioration or prevention of gut inflammation and other intestinal or systemic disease phenotypes. This review describes how diet and intestinal luminal conversion by gut microbes play a role in shaping the structure and function of intestinal microbial communities. Proposed mechanisms of probiosis include alterations of composition and function of the human gut microbiome, and corresponding effects on immunity and neurobiology.