Monitoring global rates of biodiversity change: challenges that arise in meeting the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2010 goals
Monitoring global rates of biodiversity change: challenges that arise in meeting the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2010 goals
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2004.1603
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发表时间：
2005-02-28
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Dobson, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dobson, A
2002年可持续发展世界首脑会议(在南非约翰内斯堡举行)上，政治领导人同意争取到2010年“显著减少目前生物多样性的丧失速度”，这为保护科学家提供了一个巨大的机会，但也是他们最重大的挑战之一。这是一个极其令人振奋和值得称赞的发展，但如果这一报告进程从一开始就纳入对措施、如何分析这些措施以及填补关键差距的实际方法的独立科学评估，则可以使这一进程更加有力。如果这些措施要被广泛拥有、可信和有力地经受住它们无疑将受到的严格外部审查，这种投入是至关重要的。到2010年，评估生物多样性损失率与目前水平相比发生了怎样的变化，将需要对某一特定属性进行至少三次测量；然而，大多数生境、物种、种群和生态系统服务甚至一次都没有进行过评估。此外，估计生物多样性损失的最佳数据偏向于富有魅力的脊椎动物物种；不幸的是，这些物种对人类经济的服务微乎其微。我们必须找到解决这种分类不平衡的方法，并扩大我们的分析范围，以考虑无脊椎动物、真菌和微生物物种的巨大多样性，这些物种在决定人类健康和经济福利方面发挥着作用。在本文的第一部分，我将使用地方和区域生物多样性监测的例子来检验“理想指标”的期望属性。然后，我将改变重点，研究一个初步框架，该框架询问我们如何监测自然生态系统提供的经济产品和服务的变化。我将利用这项工作来审查如何修改《生物多样性公约》提出的一套可能的指标，以便对生物多样性的经济价值进行更关键的分析。在这里，我要强调，我们不仅需要监测这些好处，而且还需要大大提高公众对人类对无投票权物种在推动世界金融经济中所发挥的作用的依赖的认识。
By agreeing to strive for 'a significant reduction in the current rate of loss of biological diversity' by the year 2010, political leaders at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (held in Johannesburg, South Africa) presented conservation scientists with a great opportunity but also one of their most significant challenges. This is an extremely exciting and laudable development, but this reporting process could be made yet more powerful if it incorporates, from the outset, independent scientific assessment of the measures, how they are analysed, and practical ways of plugging key gaps. This input is crucial if the measures are to be widely owned, credible and robust to the vigorous external scrutiny to which they will doubtless be exposed. Assessing how rates of biodiversity loss have changed from current levels by 2010 will require that a given attribute has been measured at least three times; however, most habitats, species, populations and ecosystem services have not been assessed even once. Furthermore, the best data on which to base estimates of biodiversity loss are biased towards the charismatic vertebrate species; unfortunately, these supply minimal services to the human economy. We have to find ways to redress this taxonomic imbalance and expand our analyses to consider the vast diversity of invertebrate, fungal and microbial species that play a role in determining human health and economic welfare.In the first part of this paper I will use examples from local and regional monitoring of biological diversity to examine the desired properties of 'ideal indicators'. I will then change focus and examine an initial framework that asks how we might monitor changes in the economic goods and services provided by natural ecosystems. I will use this exercise to examine how the set of possible indicators given by the Convention on Biological Diversity might be modified in ways that provide a more critical assay of the economic value of biological diversity. Here I will emphasize that we need not only to monitor these benefits, but also to significantly increase public awareness of human dependence upon the role that non-voting species play in driving the world's financial economy.