The ins and outs of circadian timekeeping
The ins and outs of circadian timekeeping
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DOI：
10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00009-x
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Schibler, U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, SA;Schibler, U
最近在果蝇和哺乳动物中的研究已经产生了迷人的新模型，这些生物体中的生物钟如何被光重置，以及这些咔嗒声如何反过来指导昼夜节律输出。虽然哺乳动物的中央生物钟对光的感知是通过眼睛进行的，但它可能是通过一种与传统视觉传导不同的机制进行的。在果蝇中，一种机制是非眼睛的，实际上存在于许多不同的组织中。在这两种生物体中，隐花色素家族的光感受器样分子在生物钟中发挥作用，尽管它们的功能还不完全清楚。此外，虽然主时钟位于大脑中，但功能时钟似乎位于身体的大多数细胞中。在这些组织中，至少有一些输出基因在转录水平上直接由时钟蛋白控制;其他基因似乎受到昼夜节律转录因子级联的调控。总之，这些观察正在重塑对后生动物生物钟输入和输出的思考。
Recent research in Drosophila and in mammals has generated fascinating new models for how circadian clocks in these organisms are reset by light and how these clacks, in turn, direct circadian outputs. Though light perception by the central clock is ocular in mammals, it probably proceeds via a mechanism separate from traditional visual transduction. In Drosophila, one mechanism is non-ocular and is in fact present in many different tissues. In both organisms, the cryptochrome family of photoreceptor-like molecules plays a role in the circadian clock, though their function is incompletely understood. Moreover, although a master clock resides in the brain, a functional clock appears to reside in most cells of the body. In these tissues, at least some output genes are controlled at the transcriptional level directly by clock proteins; others appear to be regulated by cascades of circadian transcription factors. Taken together, these observations are reshaping thinking about inputs and outputs of metazoan circadian clocks.