Who Self-Identifies as Disabled? An Examination of Impairment and Contextual Predictors
Who Self-Identifies as Disabled? An Examination of Impairment and Contextual Predictors
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/rep0000132
复制
发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bouchard, Lauren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogart, Kathleen R.;Rottenstein, Adena;Bouchard, Lauren
目的/目标：根据社会认同理论，少数群体成员，如残疾人，通过“通过”作为多数群体成员或认同其少数群体来管理耻辱。世界上大约15%的人口有残疾，但只有一小部分人认为自己是残疾人。残疾识别与积极的结果有关，包括心理社会福祉，自我宣传和政治参与。《国际功能分类》承认，“残疾”是通过缺陷和背景的交叉来构建的（即，个人和环境因素）。这是第一项研究，以检查ICF损伤因素（持续时间，患病率，存在先天性损伤，疼痛，严重程度和损伤总数），个人因素（年龄，种族，性别，收入和心理困扰）和环境因素（社会支持和耻辱）预测残疾自我认同。研究方法/设计：居住在美国的参与者完成了一项在线调查，测量上述因素。为了避免选择上的偏见，征聘材料中没有提到残疾问题。保留报告至少1次损害的受试者（n = 710）进行分析。结果如下：支持ICF的主张，残疾的结果，从损害和背景因素的组合，残疾识别的严重程度，年龄，收入和耻辱的预测。污名部分介导的严重性和识别之间的关系。结论/影响：耻辱和严重程度是残疾识别的最强预测因子。未来的工作应研究如何促进积极的残疾身份，如通过支持团体，辅导和反对耻辱的集体行动的跨障碍连接。
Purpose/Objective: According to Social Identity Theory, minority group members, like people with disabilities, manage stigma by either "passing" as majority group members or identifying with their minority group. Approximately 15% of the world's population has a disability, but only a fraction of those individuals identify themselves as people with disabilities. Disability identification has been associated with positive outcomes including psychosocial well-being, self-advocacy, and political engagement. The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) recognizes that "disability" is constructed through the intersection of impairment and context (i.e., personal and environmental factors). This is the first study to examine ICF impairment factors (duration, noticeability, presence congenital impairment, pain, severity, and total number of impairments), personal factors (age, ethnicity, gender, income, and psychological distress), and environmental factors (social support and stigma) that predict disability self-identification. Research Method/Design: Participants living in the United States completed an online survey measuring the factors listed above. To avoid selection bias, disability was not mentioned in recruitment materials. Those who reported at least 1 impairment (n = 710) were retained for analysis. Results: Supporting the ICF proposition that disability results from a combination of impairment and contextual factors, disability identification was predicted by severity, age, income, and stigma. Stigma partially mediated the relationship between severity and identification. Conclusions/Implications: Stigma and severity were the strongest predictors of disability identification. Future work should examine ways to foster positive disability identity such as cross-impairment connections through support groups, mentoring, and collective action against stigma.