Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS in China: review of current situation, prevention and policy implications.
Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS in China: review of current situation, prevention and policy implications.
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7517-3-4
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Ruan YH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qian HZ;Schumacher JE;Chen HT;Ruan YH
在过去的10至20年里，中国的非法药物滥用和艾滋病毒/艾滋病迅速增加。本文根据已发表的文献和未发表的官方数据，综述了中国的药物滥用、艾滋病流行及其与注射毒品使用（IDU）的关系，以及中国关于非法药物滥用和预防艾滋病的政策。中国作为亚洲“金三角”和“金新月”地区毒品来源的主要毒品转运国，也成为日益重要的毒品消费市场。中国有记录的114万吸毒者中，约有一半注射毒品，许多人共用针头。迄今为止，在累计报告的艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例中，注射吸毒者占42%。贩毒在中国是非法的，可能导致死刑。公安部门对吸毒采取“零容忍”态度，与卫生部门的减害政策相冲突。中国以往的经验表明，在全球化时代，仅靠打击毒品走私和禁止吸毒并不能预防和解决所有与毒品有关的问题。近年来，中央政府制定了一系列务实的政策，鼓励减少危害的计划;同时，一些地方政府还没有充分动员起来，认真应对毒品滥用和艾滋病问题。加强中央和地方各级政府的领导;扩大美沙酮替代和针具交换计划;使城市和农村吸毒者都能获得并负担得起艾滋病毒自愿咨询和检测;以及更多地利用外联和非政府组织，作为帮助科普中国艾滋病毒和药物滥用问题的补充战略。
Illicit drug abuse and HIV/AIDS have increased rapidly in the past 10 to 20 years in China. This paper reviews drug abuse in China, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its association with injection drug use (IDU), and Chinese policies on illicit drug abuse and prevention of HIV/AIDS based on published literature and unpublished official data. As a major drug trans-shipment country with source drugs from the "Golden Triangle" and "Gold Crescent" areas in Asia, China has also become an increasingly important drug consuming market. About half of China's 1.14 million documented drug users inject, and many share needles. IDU has contributed to 42% of cumulatively reported HIV/AIDS cases thus far. Drug trafficking is illegal in China and can lead to the death penalty. The public security departments adopt "zero tolerance" approach to drug use, which conflict with harm reduction policies of the public health departments. Past experience in China suggests that cracking down on drug smuggling and prohibiting drug use alone can not prevent or solve all illicit drug related problems in the era of globalization. In recent years, the central government has outlined a series of pragmatic policies to encourage harm reduction programs; meanwhile, some local governments have not fully mobilized to deal with drug abuse and HIV/AIDS problems seriously. Strengthening government leadership at both central and local levels; scaling up methadone substitution and needle exchange programs; making HIV voluntary counseling and testing available and affordable to both urban and rural drug users; and increasing utilization of outreach and nongovernmental organizations are offered as additional strategies to help cope with China's HIV and drug abuse problem.