Manufactured Nanoparticles: A New Threat to the Security of Some Groundwater Supplies?
Manufactured Nanoparticles: A New Threat to the Security of Some Groundwater Supplies?
复制标题
人造纳米粒子：对某些地下水供应安全的新威胁？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Tellam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Tellam
尽管气候变化是水资源安全的潜在重大威胁，但其他可能的新威胁也不应忽视。纳米技术是一个快速发展的行业，已经制造的纳米颗粒（mNPs）正在用于许多产品。过去的经验表明，使用新的化学品会导致地下污染。这种威胁的严重性取决于两个因素：mNP的毒性和它们的流动性。许多mNP（通常直径<100 nm的颗粒）由金属、金属化合物（例如Ag、ZnO、CdSe）或碳（例如碳纳米管）组成。作为一个活跃的研究领域，纳米毒理学显示，在某些条件下，细菌、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物可能会从低ppm浓度以上发生毒性作用。影响地下水中mNP流动性的因素包括聚集、与其他颗粒的相互作用、与岩石的附着和应变，其行为非常依赖于溶液化学。对完整岩石样品的有限研究表明，至少在基质流动系统中，衰减程度令人鼓舞，但现场证据表明，一小部分颗粒可以传播相当长的距离。
Although climate change is potentially a major threat to the security of water resources, other possible new threats should not be ignored. Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding industry, and already manufactured nanoparticles (mNPs) are being used in many products. Past experience suggests that use of new chemicals leads to subsurface pollution. The seriousness of this threat depends on two factors: the toxicity of mNPs and their mobility. Many mNPs, particles typically <100 nm across, are composed of metals, metal compounds (e.g. Ag, ZnO, CdSe) or carbon (e.g. carbon nanotubes). An active research area, nanotoxicology is showing toxic effects can occur under some conditions for bacteria, invertebrates, and vertebrates from low ppm concentrations upwards. Factors affecting mNP mobility in groundwater include aggregation, interactions with other particles, attachment to rock, and straining, with behaviour being very dependent on solution chemistry. The limited research available on intact rock samples indicates an encouraging degree of attenuation, at least in matrix flow systems, but field evidence suggests that a small proportion of particles can travel considerable distances.