The International Encyclopedia of Primatology
The International Encyclopedia of Primatology
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国际灵长类动物百科全书
DOI：
10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0074
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Saunders E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saunders E
位置行为用来描述动物的身体活动，由两部分组成：姿势和运动。运动包括将身体的重心从一个地方重新定位到另一个地方的任何运动，而姿势描述了不涉及这种重心移动的任何位置。姿势大多是静止的，但也包括身体部位的任何非运动性运动。总之，动物可以表现出的姿势和运动行为决定了它如何有效地利用周围的栖息地，并因此成为觅食，捕食者回避和繁殖策略成功的基础。为了对物种内部和物种之间的位置行为进行有意义的比较，必须在生态背景下考虑形态形式和功能。这种方法，被称为生态形态学，首先由卡尔和詹姆斯在1975年详细描述在他们的鸟类种群之间的形态变异的调查。在运动研究中，生态形态学的观点为理解和量化连接形态、行为和生态的机制提供了一个框架。本条目并不试图对灵长类动物的位置行为提供详尽的描述。它旨在作为一个介绍，并因此，描述了如何位置行为可能被记录和解释的灵长类动物的相互作用与环境的背景下。在此过程中，我们概述了灵长类动物用来解决栖息地问题的一些关键位置行为。
Positional behavior is used to describe an animal’s physical activities, and is made up of two components: posture and locomotion. Locomotion includes any movement that relocates the body’s center of mass from one place to another, while posture describes any position that does not involve such a shift in center of mass. Postures are mostly stationary, but also include any nonlocomotor movements of body parts. Together, the postural and locomotor behaviors that an animal can exhibit define how effectively it may utilize its surrounding habitat, and as a consequence underlie the success of foraging, predator avoidance, and reproductive strategies. In order to make meaningful comparisons of positional behavior, both within and between species, it is essential to consider morphological form and function in an ecological context. This approach, known as ecomorphology, was first described in detail by Karr and James in 1975 during their investigation of morphological variation among avian populations. In studies of locomotion, an ecomorphological perspective provides a framework for understanding and quantifying the mechanisms linking morphology, behavior, and ecology.This entry does not attempt to provide an exhaustive description of the positional behaviors of primates. It is intended as an introduction, and, as such, describes how positional behavior may be recorded and interpreted in the context of a primate’s interactions with its environment. In doing so, we provide an overview of some of the key positional behaviors that primates employ to resolve habitat problems.