Applications of Extracellular RNAs in Oncology
Applications of Extracellular RNAs in Oncology
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DOI：
10.1007/s40291-016-0239-7
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Jonathan R. Thompson;Jing Zhu;D. Kilari;Liang Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jonathan R. Thompson;Jing Zhu;D. Kilari;Liang Wang
胞外RNA由所有细胞类型释放的编码和非编码转录物组成，其主要通过调节基因表达参与多种细胞过程。最近的进展帮助我们更好地了解这些分子的功能，特别是microRNA（miRNAs）。许多临床前和人体研究已经证明，miRNA在癌症中失调，并有助于肿瘤发生和转移。miRNA谱作为一种非侵入性的癌症诊断、鉴别和评估癌症治疗反应的方法已被广泛评价。目前正在积极开发miRNA在这些环境中的更广泛应用。研究人员还将miRNAs带入了癌症治疗领域。靶向沉默肿瘤抑制基因的miRNA的miRNA拮抗剂已经显示出有希望的临床前活性。另外，沉默癌基因的miRNA模拟物也在积极研究中。这些基于miRNA的癌症疗法处于早期开发阶段，但代表了人类癌症临床管理的新策略。
Extracellular RNAs consist of coding and non-coding transcripts released from all cell types, which are involved in multiple cellular processes, predominantly through regulation of gene expression. Recent advances have helped us better understand the functions of these molecules, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs). Numerous pre-clinical and human studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are dysregulated in cancer and contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis. miRNA profiling has extensively been evaluated as a non-invasive method for cancer diagnosis, prognostication, and assessment of response to cancer therapies. Broader applications for miRNAs in these settings are currently under active development. Investigators have also moved miRNAs into the realm of cancer therapy. miRNA antagonists targeting miRNAs that silence tumor suppressor genes have shown promising pre-clinical activity. Alternatively, miRNA mimics that silence oncogenes are also under active investigation. These miRNA-based cancer therapies are in early development, but represent novel strategies for clinical management of human cancer.