3D Printed Microtransporters: Compound Micromachines for Spatiotemporally Controlled Delivery of Therapeutic Agents.
3D Printed Microtransporters: Compound Micromachines for Spatiotemporally Controlled Delivery of Therapeutic Agents.
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.201503095
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nelson BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huang TY;Sakar MS;Mao A;Petruska AJ;Qiu F;Chen XB;Kennedy S;Mooney D;Nelson BJ
Author Manuscript therapeutic approaches with minimal off-target effects can be particularly efficacious. Targeted delivery of drugs, genetic material, and cells increases the effectiveness of therapies while minimizing side effects.[1] Several micro-and nano-particles have been developed to safely carry these therapeutic payloads.[2, 3] Systemic injection of these particles results in their dilution and only a small fraction of the particles reaches the treatment region. Magnetically active particles can be guided directly to the treatment region, which decreases the delivery of their payload to other undesirable locations.[4] They can be magnetically agitated to promote mixing after delivery, which increases mass transport into the target tissues compared to passive diffusion.[5, 6] Unfortunately, controlled navigation of individual nanoagents to target sites within a complex biological system is challenging due to the agent's small size and weak magnetization. Furthermore, the immune system, hostile environmental conditions, and physical barriers can neutralize them. Thus, a targeted delivery method is required that not only can release its contents at the target site in a dose-dependent manner, but also contain and protect the payload during transport.Untethered, miniaturized robotic devices can enable us to perform minimally invasive operations in three-dimensional, complex microenvironments.[7, 8] These remotely actuated operations can perturb or investigate biological systems in a flexible and on-demand manner. A variety of simple micromachines have recently been developed including microstructures controlled by oscillating magnetic fields,[9-11] helical swimmers demonstrating corkscrew motion,[12] thermally or magnetically actuated microgrippers,[13-16] self-propelled micromotors,[17] electrostatic [18] and impact-driven microactuators.[19] These machines can interact with objects both through physical contact and fluid flow generated around their body.[20-25] The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of robotics in these micro-biological contexts can be greatly enhanced with the development of compound micromachines that have multiple mechanisms working together to perform complicated tasks, such as the transport and release of therapeutic agents. We call these devices microtransporters, and they have uses beyond targeted delivery. For example, they can noninvasively collect biological samples from remote pathological sites for diagnostic purposes. Stimuli responsive mobile microcapsules have been introduced to achieve similar goals,[15, 26] but their payload is released en masse and they have neither an active loading nor mixing mechanism.
