Impact of insufficient sleep on total daily energy expenditure, food intake, and weight gain
Impact of insufficient sleep on total daily energy expenditure, food intake, and weight gain
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1216951110
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发表时间：
2013-04-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wright, Kenneth P., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Markwald, Rachel R.;Melanson, Edward L.;Wright, Kenneth P., Jr.
睡眠不足与肥胖有关，但人们对反复睡眠不足的夜晚如何影响能量消耗和平衡知之甚少。我们在一项为期14至15天的住院研究中研究了16名成年人，并量化了5天睡眠不足（相当于一个工作周）与充足睡眠相比对能量消耗和能量摄入的影响。我们发现，睡眠不足会使每日总能量消耗增加约5%;然而，能量摄入尤其是晚餐后的能量摄入超过了维持能量平衡所需的能量。睡眠不足导致体重增加0.82 +/- 0.47 kg（+/- SD），尽管饥饿和饱腹激素ghrelin和瘦素以及肽YY发生了变化，这表明能量储存过剩。睡眠不足会延迟褪黑激素的昼夜节律阶段，也会导致唤醒时间的昼夜节律阶段提前。性别差异表明，女性，而不是男性，在充足的睡眠中保持体重，而睡眠不足会减少饮食限制，导致女性体重增加。我们的研究结果表明，在睡眠不足时增加食物摄入是一种生理适应，以提供维持额外清醒所需的能量;然而，当食物很容易获得时，摄入量超过了所需。我们还发现，从睡眠不足过渡到充足/恢复睡眠时间表减少了能量摄入，特别是脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入，并导致体重减轻-0.03 +/- 0.50 kg。这些发现证明睡眠在能量代谢中起着关键作用。重要的是，它们证明了睡眠不足可能导致超重和肥胖的生理和行为机制。
Insufficient sleep is associated with obesity, yet little is known about how repeated nights of insufficient sleep influence energy expenditure and balance. We studied 16 adults in a 14-to 15-d-long inpatient study and quantified effects of 5 d of insufficient sleep, equivalent to a work week, on energy expenditure and energy intake compared with adequate sleep. We found that insufficient sleep increased total daily energy expenditure by similar to 5%; however, energy intake-especially at night after dinner-was in excess of energy needed to maintain energy balance. Insufficient sleep led to 0.82 +/- 0.47 kg (+/- SD) weight gain despite changes in hunger and satiety hormones ghrelin and leptin, and peptide YY, which signaled excess energy stores. Insufficient sleep delayed circadian melatonin phase and also led to an earlier circadian phase of wake time. Sex differences showed women, not men, maintained weight during adequate sleep, whereas insufficient sleep reduced dietary restraint and led to weight gain in women. Our findings suggest that increased food intake during insufficient sleep is a physiological adaptation to provide energy needed to sustain additional wakefulness; yet when food is easily accessible, intake surpasses that needed. We also found that transitioning from an insufficient to adequate/recovery sleep schedule decreased energy intake, especially of fats and carbohydrates, and led to -0.03 +/- 0.50 kg weight loss. These findings provide evidence that sleep plays a key role in energy metabolism. Importantly, they demonstrate physiological and behavioral mechanisms by which insufficient sleep may contribute to overweight and obesity.