Online Grooming and Preventive Justice

Online Grooming and Preventive Justice
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在线诱骗和预防性司法

DOI:
10.1007/s11572-016-9401-x
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
0.5
通讯作者:
Sorell T
Sorell T
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sorell T

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在英格兰和威尔士,《性犯罪法》(2003)第15节规定,在美容后与16岁以下儿童见面的行为属于犯罪行为。这篇论文要探讨的问题是,美容--我只在网上美容--是否被公正地定为刑事犯罪。我会争辩说这是事实。一种思路将是间接的。我首先要试图反驳反对将准备犯下严重罪行的行为定为刑事犯罪的一般性论点。打扮就是这样一种行为,但还有其他行为,有时与恐怖主义有关。在我看来,一般的论点错误地应用了关于自治的某些考虑,据称这些考虑在刑法的其他领域有效。与这一普遍论点相反,一般来说,将预备行为定为刑事犯罪并不能绕过公民的代理。此外,将预备行为定为刑事犯罪会扰乱本来会导致非常严重犯罪的活动,而犯罪者的成本相对较低,这反映了没有发生更严重的犯罪。有证据表明,整容本身是有害的,因此反对一般论点的另一点是,它假设预备犯罪通常是无害的,或者至少没有受害者。有人反对一些导致第15条起诉的卧底警务技巧,但这些反对并不都是有分量的。
In England and Wales, Section 15 of the Sexual Offences Act (2003) criminalizes the act of meeting a child—someone under 16—after grooming. The question to be pursued in this paper is whether grooming—I confine myself to online grooming—is justly criminalized. I shall argue that it is. One line of thought will be indirect. I shall first try to rebut a general argument against the criminalization of acts that are preparatory to the commission of serious offences. Grooming is one such act, but there are others, sometimes associated with terrorism. According to me, the general argument misapplies certain considerations about autonomy that are alleged to be in force in other areas of criminal law. Contrary to that general argument, criminalization of preparatory acts doesnot, in general, bypass the agency of citizens. Moreover, the criminalization of preparatory acts can disrupt activity that would have led to very serious crime, and with relatively low costs to the perpetrators, costs that reflect the non-occurrence of the more serious crime. There is evidence that grooming is harmful in itself, and so another point against the general argument is its assumption that preparatory offences are often harmless or at least victimless. There are objections to some of the undercover policing techniques that lead to a Section 15 prosecution, but these objections are not all weighty.
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