Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on plant competition and community structure
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on plant competition and community structure
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12429
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Guo, Dali
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Guigang;McCormack, M. Luke;Guo, Dali
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）介导植物种间竞争和群落结构。然而，AMF效应的大小和方向以及潜在的机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们综合了304项研究的结果，以评估AMF如何影响植物竞争和群落结构，以及实验设计中的非生物和生物条件修改这些AMF的影响。AMF对植物竞争能力（竞争反应）的影响的大小和方向在植物功能群之间存在显着差异。当AMF接种物的加入，竞争能力大大增强，在N-固定杂类草，并显着抑制在C-3草，而没有观察到影响在C-4草，非N-固定杂类草和木本植物。接种AMF后，多年生植物的竞争力增强，而竞争对手为一年生植物。AMF接种差异影响植物群落结构和物种组成的各个方面。接种AMF显著增加了植物多样性，但对植物生产力没有影响。优势种对AMF接种的反应是解释AMF接种对植物多样性影响程度的决定性因素。当优势种从AMF中获益较大时，接种AMF可提高优势种的优势度，从而降低植物多样性。我们没有发现更强的AMF对植物多样性和生产力的影响，当更多的AMF物种用于接种。尽管在AMF的影响研究之间的差异很大，一个统一的机制被观察到，菌根反应（AMF和非AMF殖民化处理之间的植物生长的差异）的目标和邻近的植物物种可以确定AMF的影响植物物种之间的竞争结果，这反过来又影响植物物种多样性和社区组成。鉴于植物性状，土壤养分条件和可能的菌根真菌性状都是决定植物物种的菌根反应程度的因素，未来的研究应明确考虑这些因素中的每一个在实验设计，以更好地了解AMF对植物共存，植物群落动态和生态系统过程的影响。
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mediate plant interspecific competition and community structure. However, the magnitude and direction of AMF effects and underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we synthesized the results of 304 studies to evaluate how AMF affect plant competition and community structure and which abiotic and biotic conditions in experimental design modify these AMF effects. The magnitude and direction of AMF effects on plant competitive ability (in terms of competitive response) differed markedly among plant functional groups. When AMF inoculum was added, competitive ability was strongly enhanced in N-fixing forbs and was significantly suppressed in C-3 grasses, whereas no effect was observed in C-4 grasses, non-N-fixing forbs and woody species. Furthermore, AMF inoculation increased competitive ability of perennial species when their competitors were annual species. AMF inoculation differentially influenced separate aspects of plant community structure and species composition. AMF inoculation significantly increased plant diversity but had no effects on plant productivity. Response of dominant plant species to AMF inoculation was the determining factor in explaining variations in how and to what degree plant diversity was influenced by AMF inoculation. When dominant species derived strong benefits from AMF, their dominance level was increased by AMF inoculation, which consequently decreased plant diversity. We did not find stronger AMF effects on plant diversity and productivity when greater numbers of AMF species were used in the inoculation.Synthesis. Despite large variations in AMF effects among studies, a unifying mechanism was observed that the mycorrhizal responsiveness (differences in plant growth between AMF and non-AMF colonization treatments) of target and neighbouring plant species can determine AMF effects on the competitive outcome among plant species, which in turn influenced plant species diversity and community composition. Given that plant traits, soil nutrient conditions and probably mycorrhizal fungal traits are all factors determining the degree of mycorrhizal response of plant species, future studies should explicitly consider each of these factors in experimental design to better understand AMF effects on plant coexistence, plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes.