Changing feedbacks in the climate-biosphere system
Changing feedbacks in the climate-biosphere system
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DOI：
10.1890/080005
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Field, Christopher B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapin, F. Stuart, III;Randerson, James T.;Field, Christopher B.
生态系统通过多种途径影响气候，主要是通过改变大气中的能量、水和温室气体平衡。因此，通过改变一条途径（如京都议定书中的碳排放）来减缓气候变化的努力，只能部分解决生态系统-气候相互作用的问题。例如，植物固碳造成的气候变冷可能被土地反照率的降低部分抵消，土地反照率的降低增加了太阳能的吸收并使气候变暖。这些影响的相对重要性因空间尺度和纬度而异。我们建议，考虑多种相互作用和反馈可能导致新的、潜在有用的气候减缓战略，包括主要在工业化国家减少温室气体排放，减少和地区的荒漠化，减少热带地区的森林砍伐。每一种策略都有额外的生态和社会效益。评估这些战略的有效性需要更定量地了解反馈过程之间的相互作用，它们在地方和全球尺度上的后果，以及将不同区域发生的变化联系起来的远距联系。
Ecosystems influence climate through multiple pathways, primarily by changing the energy, water, and greenhouse-gas balance of the atmosphere. Consequently, efforts to mitigate climate change through modification of one pathway, as with carbon in the Kyoto Protocol, only partially address the issue of ecosystem-climate interactions. For example, the cooling of climate that results from carbon sequestration by plants may be partially offset by reduced land albedo, which increases solar energy absorption and warms the climate. The relative importance of these effects varies with spatial scale and latitude. We suggest that consideration of multiple interactions and feedbacks could lead to novel, potentially useful climate-mitigation strategies, including greenhouse-gas reductions primarily in industrialized nations, reduced desertification in and zones, and reduced deforestation in the tropics. Each of these strategies has additional ecological and societal benefits. Assessing the effectiveness of these strategies requires a more quantitative understanding of the interactions among feedback processes, their consequences at local and global scales, and the teleconnections that link changes occurring in different regions.