The geography of knowledge spillovers: The role of inventors’ mobility across firms and in space
The geography of knowledge spillovers: The role of inventors’ mobility across firms and in space
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知识溢出的地理：发明家跨公司和空间流动的作用
DOI：
10.4337/9781849806497.00025
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Vezzulli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stefano Breschi;C. Lenzi;F. Lissoni;A. Vezzulli
知识流动的空间集中往往被认为是增加区位回报的一个关键来源，也是创新活动集群化的一个主要解释。虽然主流经济学通常将这种集中的所有来源总结为“本地化知识溢出”的概念，但进化经济地理学将邻近性的空间和社会维度作为单独的地理维度来处理。本着这一精神，我们重新审视了知识溢出本地化的JTH测试（Jaffe et al.，1993）和Agrawal et al.（2006）对其进行的扩展。我们发现，发明人谁在不同的公司和地理位置的专利广泛的贡献，观察到的引用模式，直接（通过个人自我引用）和间接，通过社交网络链接的各种公司有利于更多的引用。我们还发现，社交网络传递知识的移动的发明者的当前位置，和以前的。我们的结论是，空间距离只是一个代理的社会距离，其中发明家之间的专业关系是一个重要组成部分。
Spatial concentration of knowledge flows is often brought up as a key source of increasing returns to location, and a major explanation for the clusterization of innovation activities. While mainstream economics most often sums up all sources of such concentration under the notion of “localized knowledge spillovers”, evolutionary economic geography addresses the spatial and social dimensions of proximity as separate geographical dimensions. In this spirit, we revisit both the JTH test of the localization of knowledge spillovers (Jaffe et al. 1993) and its extension by Agrawal et al. (2006). We find that inventors who patent across different companies and geographical locations contribute extensively to the observed citation patterns, both directly (through personal self-citations) and indirectly, by linking the various companies via a social network conducive to more citations. We also find that social networks convey knowledge both to the mobile inventors’ current locations, and to the prior ones. We conclude that spatial distance is just a proxy for social distance, of which the professional ties between inventors are an important component.