Assessing the impacts of Best Management Practices on nitrate pollution in an agricultural dominated lowland catchment considering environmental protection versus economic development.
Assessing the impacts of Best Management Practices on nitrate pollution in an agricultural dominated lowland catchment considering environmental protection versus economic development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.060
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
M. Haas;B. Guse;N. Fohrer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Haas;B. Guse;N. Fohrer
农业集水区的硝酸盐投入对水质有很大影响。最佳管理做法(BMP)是旨在减轻农业活动产生的影响和改善水质的替代做法。管理活动受到不同政府政策的影响，如《水框架指令》(WFD)和《可再生能源法》(EEG)。它们的不同目标可能形成反差，并阻碍综合可持续发展。两者都需要在农村地区的实际情况下加以解决。SWAT模型等生态水文模型是土地覆盖和土地利用变化调查以及BMPs实施对水质影响评估的重要工具，因此，本研究将缓冲带、减肥量和替代作物作为BMPs，并在Treene流域的SWAT模型中实施。研究了它们在减少硝酸盐负荷方面的效率，与集水区尺度上的实施成本有关。这些做法符合集水区的条件，以小面积和中等面积的变化为基础。此外，从生态和经济政策的角度对生物多样性管理计划进行了评估。结果证明骨形态发生蛋白的反应不同。大多数BMP都解决了冬季的关键时期。然而，一些做法，如增加牧场，需要在更大的面积上实施，以便与目前的活动相比取得更好的效果。此外，将含有减肥量、缓冲带和冬季土壤覆盖度的BMP结合起来，有更大的硝酸盐还原潜力。关于效率的讨论显示了成本规定的复杂性，以及与耕地和产量损失的关系。此外，由于政府的政策可能是不同的，考虑到所有相关行为者的综合方法很重要，并寻求可持续发展。
Water quality is strongly affected by nitrate inputs in agricultural catchments. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are alternative practices aiming to mitigate the impacts derived from agricultural activities and to improve water quality. Management activities are influenced by different governmental policies like the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). Their distinct goals can be contrasting and hamper an integrated sustainable development. Both need to be addressed in the actual conjuncture in rural areas. Ecohydrological models like the SWAT model are important tools for land cover and land use changes investigation and the assessment of BMPs implementation effects on water quality.Thus, in this study, buffer strip, fertilization reduction and alternative crops were considered as BMPs and were implemented in the SWAT model for the Treene catchment. Their efficiency in terms of nitrate loads reduction related to implementation costs at the catchment scale was investigated. The practices correspond to the catchment conditions and are based on small and mid areal changes. Furthermore, the BMPs were evaluated from the perspective of ecologic and economic policies. The results evidenced different responses of the BMPs. The critical periods in winter were addressed by most of the BMPs. However, some practices like pasture land increase need to be implemented in greater area for better results in comparison to current activities. Furthermore, there is a greater nitrate reduction potential by combining BMPs containing fertilization reduction, buffer strips and soil coverage in winter. The discussion about efficiency showed the complexity of costs stipulation and the relation with arable land and yield losses. Furthermore, as the government policies can be divergent an integrated approach considering all the involved actors is important and seeks a sustainable development.