Disruptive Behavior in Siblings Discordant for Exposure to Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy: A Multi-rater Approach
Disruptive Behavior in Siblings Discordant for Exposure to Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy: A Multi-rater Approach
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntz214
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Knopik, Valerie S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ekblad, Mikael O.;Rolan, Emily;Knopik, Valerie S.
母亲在怀孕期间吸烟（SDP）与破坏性行为有关。然而，有争议的SDP破坏性行为协会是否是一个潜在的因果关系的途径，而是一个虚假的效果混淆共享的遗传和环境factors.Aims和方法：密苏里州母亲和他们的孩子的研究是一个兄弟姐妹比较研究，包括家庭（n = 173）选择的兄弟姐妹对（7-16岁）不一致的SDP。重要的是，同胞比较设计被用来解开SDP的影响，从家庭混乱的破坏性行为。使用SDP指标（时间、持续时间和SDP量）的组合为每个儿童创建SDP严重程度评分。多个被调查者（家长和教师）报告了破坏性行为（即，结果：破坏行为的变异性主要是家庭内差异的函数（66%-100%）。与先前的遗传学方法一致，SDP破坏性行为关联主要由家族性混淆（遗传和环境）解释。然而，当使用多评价者方法（家长和教师）时，结果表明SDP对破坏性行为的潜在因果影响（B = 0.09，SE = 0.04，p = 0.03）。SDP的潜在因果关系的影响仍然显着的敏感性analysis.Discussion：这些研究结果表明，家庭混淆可能起着复杂的作用，在SDP破坏性行为协会检查父母和老师的行为报告时。重要的是，目前的研究强调了多个评分者的重要性，反映了对复杂行为的更全面的衡量（例如，破坏性行为），以检查SDP的致畸作用。影响：我们的研究提供了额外的证据，控制遗传和家庭因素是必不可少的，当检查SDP对以后的行为问题的影响，因为它解释了SDP和以后的行为问题之间的关联的一部分。然而，我们发现SDP和破坏性行为之间的显着关联时，使用多评分的方法，利用家长和教师的报告，这表明家长和教师的评级捕获一个独特的视角，是重要的是要考虑当检查SDP行为协会。
Introduction: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with disruptive behavior. However, there is debate whether the SDP-disruptive behavior association is a potentially causal pathway or rather a spurious effect confounded by shared genetic and environmental factors.Aims and Methods: The Missouri Mothers and Their Children Study is a sibling comparison study that includes families (n = 173) selected for sibling pairs (aged 7-16 years) discordant for SDP. Critically, the sibling comparison design is used to disentangle the effects of SDP from familial confounds on disruptive behavior. An SDP severity score was created for each child using a combination of SDP indicators (timing, duration, and amount of SDP). Multiple informants (parents and teachers) reported on disruptive behavior (i.e., DSM-IV semi-structured interview, the Child Behavior Checklist, and Teacher Report Form).Results: The variability in disruptive behavior was primarily a function of within-family differences (66%-100%). Consistent with prior genetically informed approaches, the SDP-disruptive behavior association was primarily explained by familial confounds (genetic and environmental). However, when using a multi-rater approach (parents and teachers), results suggest a potentially causal effect of SDP on disruptive behavior (b = 0.09, SE = 0.04, p = 0.03). The potentially causal effect of SDP remained significant in sensitivity analyses.Discussion: These findings suggest that familial confounding likely plays a complex role in the SDP-disruptive behavior association when examining both parent and teacher reports of behavior. Importantly, the current study highlights the importance of multiple raters, reflecting a more comprehensive measure of complex behaviors (e.g., disruptive behavior) to examine the teratogenic effects of SDP.Implications: Our study provides additional evidence that controlling for genetic and family factors is essential when examining the effect of SDP on later behavioral problems, as it explains a portion of the association between SDP and later behavioral problems. However, we found a significant association between SDP and disruptive behavior when using a multi-rater approach that capitalizes on both parent and teacher report, suggesting that parent and teacher ratings capture a unique perspective that is important to consider when examining SDP-behavior associations.