Coevolution of PERB11 (MIC) and HLA class I genes with HERV-16 and retroelements by extended genomic duplication
Coevolution of PERB11 (MIC) and HLA class I genes with HERV-16 and retroelements by extended genomic duplication
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DOI：
10.1007/pl00006537
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Dawkins, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kulski, JK;Gaudieri, S;Dawkins, RL
最近MHC I类区域基因组序列信息的可用性为研究HLA I类（HLAcI）和PERB11/MIC基因的基因组组织提供了机会，以期从角度解释它们的进化。扩展的基因组复制而不是简单的基因复制和/或基因转换事件。对MHC两个区域（α -区和β -区）的基因组序列分析显示，至少有6个PERB11和14个HLAcI基因、假基因和基因片段包含在扩展的重复片段中。利用RepeatMasker搜索每个片段是否存在共同的（同源的）逆转录因子，以便将它们作为进化、基因重排和片段复制的标记。共享的Alu元件和其他逆转录元件使复制的片段被分为5个不同的组（A到E），可以进一步提取到一个古老的复制前片段，其中包含一个HLA和PERB11基因，一个内源性逆转录病毒（HERV-16）和独特的逆转录元件。不同HLAcI片段内部和之间的断点主要在PERB11和HLA基因、HERV-16和其他逆转录因子中发现，表明后者在导致PERB11和HLAcI基因当前组织的复制和缺失事件中发挥了主要作用。根据基因组片段所包含的特征，提出了以单片段和多片段串联复制为前提的协同进化模型。该模型用于解释逆转录因子、HERV-16、DNA转座子、PERB11和HLAcI基因的起源和基因组组织，这些基因是人类MHC α和β区中不同的片段组合。
The recent availability of genomic sequence information for the class I region of the MHC has provided an opportunity to examine the genomic organization of HLA class I (HLAcI) and PERB11/MIC genes with a view to explaining their evolution from the perspective. of extended genomic duplications rather than by simple gene duplications and/or gene conversion events. Analysis of genomic sequence from two regions of the MHC (the alpha- and beta-blocks) revealed that at least 6 PERB11 and 14 HLAcI genes, pseudogenes, and gene fragments are contained within extended duplicated segments. Each segment was searched for the presence of shared (paralogous) retroelements by RepeatMasker in order to use them as markers of evolution, genetic rearrangements, and evidence of segmental duplications. Shared Alu elements and other retroelements allowed the duplicated segments to be classified into five distinct groups (A to E) that could be further distilled down to an ancient preduplication segment containing a HLA and PERB11 gene, an endogenous retrovirus (HERV-16), and distinctive retroelements. The breakpoints within and between the different HLAcI segments were found mainly within the PERB11 and HLA genes, HERV-16, and other retroelements, suggesting that the latter have played a major role in duplication and indel events leading to the present organization of PERB11 and HLAcI genes. On the basis of the features contained within the segments, a coevolutionary model premised on tandem duplication of single and multipartite genomic segments is proposed. The model is used to explain the origins and genomic organization of retroelements, HERV-16, DNA transposons, PERB11, and HLAcI genes as distinct segmental combinations within the alpha- and beta-blocks of the human MHC.