The microbial-mammalian metabolic axis: a critical symbiotic relationship.
The microbial-mammalian metabolic axis: a critical symbiotic relationship.
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DOI：
10.1097/mco.0000000000000284
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Dumas ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chilloux J;Neves AL;Boulangé CL;Dumas ME
微生物-哺乳动物共生在代谢健康中起着至关重要的作用。微生物代谢物在肠道微生物群与其宿主之间复杂的交流中作为关键信使出现。这些化学信号主要来自营养前体，而营养前体反过来也能够改变肠道微生物群。最近在肠道微生物组的特征和参与这种共生机制的进展允许营养干预的发展。这篇综述涵盖了微生物-哺乳动物代谢轴作为一种重要的共生关系的最新发现，特别是与临床营养相关。来自肠道菌群的代谢物对宿主代谢的调节突出了肠道菌群在疾病预防和病因中的重要性。肠道生态系统中微生物种群的组成是一个关键的病理生理因素，主要受饮食调节，但也受宿主特征（如遗传、生物钟、免疫系统、年龄）的调节。量身定制的干预措施，包括饮食改变、抗生素的使用、益生元和益生菌的补充以及粪便移植，是控制微生物生态的有希望的策略。微生物群现在被认为是预防和治疗相关疾病的一个容易达到的目标。最近在其与宿主代谢相互作用的机制和改变肠道微生物群的策略方面的发现将使我们能够开发更有效的治疗方法，特别是在代谢性疾病方面。
The microbial-mammalian symbiosis plays a critical role in metabolic health. Microbial metabolites emerge as key messengers in the complex communication between the gut microbiota and their host. These chemical signals are mainly derived from nutritional precursors, which also are in turn also able to modify gut microbiota population. Recent advances in the characterization of the gut microbiome and the mechanisms involved in this symbiosis allow the development of nutritional interventions. This review covers the latest findings on the microbial-mammalian metabolic axis as a critical symbiotic relationship particularly relevant to clinical nutrition. The modulation of host metabolism by metabolites derived from the gut microbiota highlights the importance of gut microbiota in disease prevention and causation. The composition of microbial populations in our gut ecosystem is a critical pathophysiological factor, mainly regulated by diet, but also by the host’s characteristics (e.g. genetics, circadian clock, immune system, age). Tailored interventions, including dietary changes, the use of antibiotics, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation and faecal transplantation are promising strategies to manipulate microbial ecology. The microbiota is now considered as an easily reachable target to prevent and treat related diseases. Recent findings in both mechanisms of its interactions with host metabolism and in strategies to modify gut microbiota will allow us to develop more effective treatments especially in metabolic diseases.