Complex systems which evolve towards homeostasis
Complex systems which evolve towards homeostasis
复制标题
朝着稳态进化的复杂系统
DOI：
10.1038/281563a0
复制
发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Alan Roberts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Tregonning;Alan Roberts
尽管最近的研究1 - 5已经澄清了相关稳定性问题的某些方面，但仍然没有很好地理解大型复杂系统（如生态系统）是如何形成的，或者它们是如何长期存在的。如果意识形态假设是有效的，也就是说，如果变量可以被假定（或被迫）提前调整它们的相互作用，以实现所需的持久性，那么这种系统的出现就不会出现问题。但是，当没有这样的“预见”是可信的，一个真实的问题出现了;一个给定的变量如何能够相互作用，通常会受到内部因素的限制，独立于其他变量的“需要”或系统的稳定性。这一考虑促使了对“随机相互作用”系统模型的研究，并出现了关于这种模型稳定性的有趣结果1 - 4，即它们在波动后恢复平衡的能力。然而，问题仍然存在：这样一个随机相互作用的实体的集合最初是如何达到平衡的？我们在这里提出了一个简单的模型，使用相互作用的变量的结果。我们表明，即使在假设，使大型复杂和持久的系统最初是非常不可能的，他们仍然可以预期大量出现在正常的时间发展过程中。
It is still not well understood how large complex systems (such as ecosystems) come into being or how they persist over long periods of time, although recent studies1–5have clarified certain aspects of the associated stability problems. The occurrence of such systems presents no problem if a ideological assumption is valid—that is, if the variables may be presumed (or compelled) to adjust their mutual interactions in advance, to achieve the desired persistence. But when no such ‘foresight’ is credible, a real problem emerges; how a given variable can interact will generally be constrained by factors internal to it, independent of the ‘needs’ of other variables or of system stability. This consideration has prompted studies of ‘randomly-interacting’ system models, and interesting results have emerged1–4concerning the stability of such models—that is, their capacity to return to equilibrium after a fluctuation. However, the question remains: how did such a collection of randomly-interacting entities arrive at an equilibrium in the first place? We present here results from a simple model using mutually interacting variables. We show how, even on assumptions which make large complex and persistent systems highly improbable initially, they can nevertheless be expected to arise in profusion in the normal course of time development.