Down and out in New York and London: a cross-national comparison of homelessness.
Down and out in New York and London: a cross-national comparison of homelessness.
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纽约和伦敦的落魄：无家可归的跨国比较。
DOI：
10.1176/ps.45.8.769
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cohen,CI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen,CI
本研究比较了纽约市和伦敦的无家可归现象，以研究个人病理和结构性力量在导致无家可归方面的相对作用，社会政治和文化差异对解决无家可归问题的政策决定的影响，以及更广泛的结构性力量对无家可归者服务计划的影响。方法：对学术文献和新闻报道的审查与对伦敦和纽约市各社区机构工作人员和无家可归者的采访相结合。在这两个城市的无家可归者进行了比较的定义，人口，非精神和精神病因学因素，公共政策，政府的反应，财政支持，服务战略，以及切实可行的保障服务和权利。结果表明，将无家可归作为一种特征而不是一种状态反映了社会正义，公共概念，一个国家的经济资源。无家可归者，包括精神病患者的绝对人数，主要反映了结构性因素，如廉价住房和公共福利的提供。无家可归的精神病患者与其他弱势群体的共同之处一般大于他们的不同之处。在短缺的时候，特别是对能力最差的公民来说，法定的应享权利可能会失效。这两个国家都努力利用志愿服务部门为无家可归者服务，尽管英国的这种做法更为广泛。
This study compared homelessness in New York City and London to examine the relative roles of individual pathology and structural forces in causing homelessness, the effect of sociopolitical and cultural differences on policy decisions toward solving homelessness, and the effect of broader structural forces on service programs for the homeless.Methods: A review of the scholarly literature and news reports was combined with interviews of staff members and homeless persons associated with various community agencies in London and New York City. Homelessness in the two cities was compared in relation to definition, demography, nonpsychiatric and psychiatric etiological factors, public policy, governmental responses, financial support, service strategies, and the practicalities of securing services and entitlements.Results and conclusions: The results indicate that charterizations of homelessness as a trait rather than a state reflect the tensions between social justice, public concepts, and a nation's economic resources. The absolute numbers of homeless persons, including those who are mentally ill, primarily reflect structural factors such as the availability of low-cost housing and public benefits. The commonalities that mentally ill homeless persons share with other vulnerable groups generally outweigh their differences. The statutory rights to entitlements may be vitiated in times of shortage, especially for the least capable citizens. in both countries, efforts have been made to use the voluntary sector to serve the homeless, although it has been used much more extensively in Britain.