Venom Proteome of the Box Jellyfish Chironex fleckeri
Venom Proteome of the Box Jellyfish Chironex fleckeri
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0047866
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发表时间：
2012-12-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mulvenna, Jason
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brinkman, Diane L.;Aziz, Ammar;Mulvenna, Jason
刺丝囊是刺胞动物所特有的复杂的细胞内结构。当触发放电时，线虫囊会爆炸性地释放出一条长的带刺的小管，该小管通常会释放出剧毒的成分混合物。箱形水母 Chironex fleckeri 会产生极其有效且快速起效的毒液，它对人类的蜇伤会造成严重的局部和全身性影响，可能危及生命。为了确定可能导致弗氏梭菌和相关物种严重健康影响的毒素，我们使用蛋白质组学方法来分析弗氏梭菌毒液的蛋白质成分。总共鉴定了 61 种蛋白质，包括对线虫细胞发育和线虫囊形成（线虫发生）重要的毒素和蛋白质。鉴定出的最丰富的毒素是分类学上限制的有效刺胞动物蛋白家族的亚型。这些毒素与细胞溶解、伤害性、炎症、皮肤坏死和致命特性有关，这一重要蛋白质家族的扩展在一定程度上解释了 C. fleckeri 毒液的破坏性和潜在致命作用。使用毒素特异性抗体和磷蛋白/糖蛋白特异性染色剂进一步表征毒液蛋白及其翻译后修饰 (PTM)。结果表明，糖基化是毒素家族的常见 PTM，而毒素特异性抗体缺乏交叉反应性表明家族成员之间在结构和可能的功能上存在显着差异。这项研究深入了解了有害箱形水母产生的蛋白质毒素的深度和多样性，也是对立方体水母毒液蛋白质组的首次描述。
The nematocyst is a complex intracellular structure unique to Cnidaria. When triggered to discharge, the nematocyst explosively releases a long spiny, tubule that delivers an often highly venomous mixture of components. The box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri, produces exceptionally potent and rapid-acting venom and its stings to humans cause severe localized and systemic effects that are potentially life-threatening. In an effort to identify toxins that could be responsible for the serious health effects caused by C. fleckeri and related species, we used a proteomic approach to profile the protein components of C. fleckeri venom. Collectively, 61 proteins were identified, including toxins and proteins important for nematocyte development and nematocyst formation (nematogenesis). The most abundant toxins identified were isoforms of a taxonomically restricted family of potent cnidarian proteins. These toxins are associated with cytolytic, nociceptive, inflammatory, dermonecrotic and lethal properties and expansion of this important protein family goes some way to explaining the destructive and potentially fatal effects of C. fleckeri venom. Venom proteins and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) were further characterized using toxin-specific antibodies and phosphoprotein/glycoprotein-specific stains. Results indicated that glycosylation is a common PTM of the toxin family while a lack of cross-reactivity by toxin-specific antibodies infers there is significant divergence in structure and possibly function among family members. This study provides insight into the depth and diversity of protein toxins produced by harmful box jellyfish and represents the first description of a cubozoan jellyfish venom proteome.