What Do We Know Now About the Impact of the Laws Related to Marijuana?
What Do We Know Now About the Impact of the Laws Related to Marijuana?
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DOI：
10.1097/adm.0000000000000188
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Mendelson B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maxwell JC;Mendelson B
本文介绍了有关医用大麻和合法大麻的现状和影响的信息，以及自这些法律实施以来有关态度和使用流行率的最新数据。最近的报告从流行病学家在丹佛和西雅图总结给读者的变化的感觉，因为这些法律已经在他们的社区生效。这些法律的地位进行审查，并提出了法律颁布前后的调查结果，沿着的数据变化的效力和大麻的影响下驾驶。青少年使用大麻的流行率没有增加，但他们对使用大麻的风险的消极态度有所减少;成年人使用大麻的情况有所增加。效力继续增加，驾驶员使用药物检测呈阳性的比例也在增加。来自丹佛的数据显示，入院人数、急诊室就诊人数和中毒中心的电话数量有所增加，药物滥用治疗项目的逮捕人数和入院人数有所减少。来自西雅图地区的数据显示，接受治疗和警察参与的人数也出现了类似的下降，但更频繁使用的流行率也有所增加。目前的数据表明，大麻使用的增加早于2012年的合法化。在这些法律出台之前，接受治疗的人数一直在下降，但在合法化之后，一些发病率指标似乎有所增加，两个州的中毒中心电话略有增加，丹佛的急性医疗就诊人数有所增加。需要数据来了解使用模式和数量之间的关系，以及接受医用大麻的人的健康状况和更高效力的影响的数据。
This paper presents information on the status and impact of medical and legalized marijuana as well as the latest data on attitudes and prevalence of use since implementation of these laws. Recent reports from epidemiologists in Denver and Seattle are summarized to give the readers a sense of the changes as these laws have taken effect in their communities. The status of these laws is reviewed and the results of surveys taken before and after the laws were enacted are presented, along with data on changing potency and driving under the influence of marijuana. Prevalence of use by youths has not increased but their negative attitudes towards the risk of using marijuana have decreased; use by adults has increased. Potency continues to increase, as has the proportion of drivers testing positive for use of the drug. Data from Denver show increases in hospital admissions, emergency department visits, and calls to poison centers, with decreasing arrests and admissions to substance abuse treatment programs. Data from the Seattle area show similar decreases in treatment admissions and police involvement, but also increased prevalence of more frequent use. Current data suggest that increases in marijuana use preceded legalization in 2012. Treatment admissions were declining prior to these laws, but some indicators of morbidity appear to be increasing subsequent to legalization, with modest increases in poison center calls in both states and increases in acute medical visits in Denver. Data are needed to understand the relationship between the patterns and amounts of use in terms of consequences as well as data on the health conditions of those receiving medical marijuana and the impact of higher potency.