Gene expression changes after focal stroke, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries
Gene expression changes after focal stroke, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries
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DOI：
10.1097/00019052-200312000-00009
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Carmichael, ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carmichael, ST
综述的目的大规模的基因表达谱最近已经在中风和脊髓损伤中进行。这些研究提供了对损伤内基因表达的协调模式以及损伤后神经变性和神经修复过程的相互关系的深入了解。最近的发现中风后血管生成的分子信号在初始脑缺血的数小时内开始，血管生长因子和生长因子受体的初始不稳定组合的信息顺序增加，随后是促进内皮细胞分裂和稳定的生长因子组合。中风后血管生成、神经发生和轴突发芽之间的分子信号重叠表明中风邻近组织中血管和神经重组的连续性。损伤后的炎症通过细胞因子信息的早期和晚期变化延伸。SOCS-3是一种细胞因子信号传导的负调节因子，在损伤后增加，可能具有神经保护作用。成年神经元生长程序的组成部分已被确定在周围神经系统轴突再生期间，与中风后轴突发芽重叠。老年大脑的基因表达谱表明中枢神经系统环境的改变可能会加剧中风和脊髓损伤后的初始损伤并损害神经重组。总结当经过严格测试和独立验证时，来自大规模基因表达分析的数据为中风和脊髓损伤的总遗传控制提供了新的见解，以及受损区域内重要细胞事件的相互关系。这些数据还突出了这些过程中的新基因，并提出了中枢神经系统损伤后组织重组和修复研究的新方向。
Purpose of reviewLarge-scale gene expression profiling has recently been performed on stroke and spinal cord injuries. These studies provide insights into coordinated patterns of gene expression within the injury and the interrelationships of neurodegenerative and neural repair processes after injury.Recent findingsThe molecular signals for post-stroke angiogenesis begin within hours of initial cerebral ischemia, with sequential increases in message for initially destabilizing combinations of vascular growth factors and growth factor receptors, followed by growth factor combinations that promote endothelial cell division and stabilization. The overlap in molecular signaling between post-stroke angiogenesis, neurogenesis and axonal sprouting suggests a continuum of vascular and neural reorganization in the tissue adjacent to stroke. Inflammation after injury extends through early and late changes in the cytokine message. SOCS-3, a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, is increased after injury and may be neuroprotective. Components of an adult neuronal growth program have been identified in the peripheral nervous system during axonal regeneration, with overlap to axonal sprouting after stroke. The gene expression profile of the aged brain suggests an altered central nervous system environment that may exacerbate initial injury and impair neural reorganization after stroke and spinal cord injury.SummaryWhen rigorously tested and independently validated, data from large-scale gene expression analyses provide new insights into the aggregate genetic control of stroke and spinal cord injury, and the interrelationship of important cellular events within the damaged region. These data also highlight novel genes in these processes, and suggest new directions in the investigation of tissue reorganization and repair after central nervous system injury.