Moral Vision in International Politics: The Foreign Aid Regime, 1949-1989
Moral Vision in International Politics: The Foreign Aid Regime, 1949-1989
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国际政治中的道德愿景：对外援助制度，1949-1989
DOI：
10.2307/20045637
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Lumsdaine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Lumsdaine
道德愿景能影响世界体系的动态吗？本研究探讨了18个发达民主国家不断演变的对外援助政策，挑战了传统的国际关系理论，并提供了一个关于道德承诺如何帮助构建全球政治的可检验假设的广泛框架。40年来，发展援助一直是流向第三世界的最大和最大的净资金流，远远超过了跨国公司的投资。然而，50年前，援助是闻所未闻的。大卫·拉姆斯丹在研究战后政治经济学中这一突然而广泛的创新时，整理了大量历史和统计证据，表明援助的基础不是捐助者的经济和政治利益，而是人道主义信念，以及只有在公正的国际秩序中才能维持和平与繁荣的信念。拉姆斯丹发现，发达国家遵守的规则越来越多，偏袒最需要援助的受援国，并减少了他们自己的影响力。此外，最关心国内贫困问题的捐助国也提供了更多的外国援助：美国的援助力度比其他捐助国弱。许多证据-援助如何随着时间的推移而变化，哪些捐助者提供了大量捐助，资金用在了哪里，谁支持了援助工作-汇集在一起，显示人道主义关切如何影响援助。为了弥合规范理论和实证分析之间的差距，拉姆斯丹的广泛的比较研究表明，更新的道德视野是为后冷战世界设计可行制度的先决条件。
Can moral vision influence the dynamics of the world system? This inquiry into the evolving foreign aid policies of eighteen developed democracies challenges conventional international relations theory and offers a broad framework of testable hypotheses about the ways ethical commitments can help structure global politics. For forty years development assistance has been the largest and steadiest net financial flow to the Third World, far ex- ceeding investment by multinational corporations. Yet fifty years ago aid was unheard of. Investigating this sudden and widespread innovation in the postwar political economy, David Lumsdaine marshals a wealth of historical and statistical evidence to show that aid was based less on donor economic and political interests than on humanitarian convictions and the belief that peace and prosperity could be sustained only within a just international order.Lumsdaine finds the developed countries adhered to rules that, increasingly, favored the neediest aid recipients and reduced their own leverage. Furthermore, the donors most concerned about domestic poverty also gave more foreign aid: the U.S. aid effort was weaker than that of other donors. Many lines of evidence--how aid changed over time, which donors contributed heavily, where the money was spent, who supported aid efforts--converge to show how humanitarian concerns shaped aid. Seeking to bridge the gap between normative theory and empirical analysis, Lumsdaine's broad comparative study suggests that renewed moral vision is a prerequisite to devising workable institutions for a post- cold war world.