Multiple gap junction genes are utilized during rat skin and hair development.
Multiple gap junction genes are utilized during rat skin and hair development.
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发表时间：
1992-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
B. Risek;F. Klier;N. Gilula
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Risek;F. Klier;N. Gilula
分析了四种不同的缝隙连接基因产物(α1、β1、β2和β3)在大鼠皮肤发育和毛发生长周期中的表达。α1(Cx43)和β2(Cx26)连接蛋白在未分化的表皮中共表达。在E16的周皮中观察到了一种特定的、发育调节的β2表达的消除。在新形成的表皮层中观察到α1和β2连接蛋白的差异表达，与表皮的分化相一致。α-1连接蛋白表达于基底层和棘层，而β-2仅表达于分化的棘层和颗粒层。基底层有大的缝隙连接，而分化层的典型缝隙连接是小的缝隙连接，伴随着许多桥粒。虽然α1和β2的表达在新生儿和出生后的表皮中的分布模式保持不变，但出生后RNA和蛋白质水平显著下降。胚胎16岁时，毛囊发育以α1连接蛋白在毛胚中的表达为标志。在胚胎20时检测到β2后，发育中的卵泡中α1和β2的表达都增加了。在外根鞘、基质、基质来源的细胞(内根鞘、皮质和髓质)和真皮乳头中检测到特定细胞类型的表达。此外，α1在竖毛肌中特异表达，而皮脂细胞表达α1和β3(Cx31)连接蛋白。在分析的任何阶段都没有检测到β1连接蛋白(Cx32)。结果表明，多个缝隙连接基因参与了表皮和毛囊的形态发生。此外，基于对表面表皮所有活细胞的缝隙连接的利用，似乎表皮可能表现为一个大的连通室，它可能通过缝隙连接途径与表皮附属物(毛囊和皮脂腺)在功能上耦合。
The expression of four different gap junction gene products (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3) has been analysed during rat skin development and the hair growth cycle. Both alpha 1 (Cx43) and beta 2 (Cx26) connexins were coexpressed in the undifferentiated epidermis. A specific, developmentally regulated elimination of beta 2 expression was observed in the periderm at E16. Coinciding with the differentiation of the epidermis, differential expression of alpha 1 and beta 2 connexins was observed in the newly formed epidermal layers. alpha 1 connexin was expressed in the basal and spinous layers, while beta 2 was confined to the differentiated spinous and granular layers. Large gap junctions were present in the basal layer, while small gap junctions, associated with many desmosomes, were typical for the differentiated layers. Although the distribution pattern for alpha 1 and beta 2 expression remained the same in the neonatal and postnatal epidermis, the RNA and protein levels decreased markedly following birth. Hair follicle development was marked by expression of alpha 1 connexin in hair germs at E16. Following beta 2 detection at E20, the expression increased for both alpha 1 and beta 2 in developing follicles. A cell-type-specific expression was detected in the outer root sheath, in the matrix, in the matrix-derived cells (inner root sheath, cortex and medulla) and in the dermal papilla. In addition, alpha 1 was specifically expressed in the arrector pili muscle, while sebocytes expressed both alpha 1 and beta 3 (Cx31) connexin. beta 1 connexin (Cx32) was not detected at any stage analysed. The results indicate that multiple gap junction genes contribute to epidermal and follicular morphogenesis. Moreover, based on the utilization of gap junctions in all living cells of the surface epidermis, it appears that the epidermis may behave as a large communication compartment that may be coupled functionally to epidermal appendages (hair follicles and sebaceous glands) via gap junctional pathways.