What would Batman do? Self-distancing improves executive function in young children.
What would Batman do? Self-distancing improves executive function in young children.
复制标题
蝙蝠侠会做什么？
DOI：
10.1111/desc.12314
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Carlson,StephanieM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White,RachelE;Carlson,StephanieM
这项实验研究评估了不同等级的自我距离（与自我中心观点的心理距离）对幼儿执行功能（EF）的影响。3岁（n=48）和5岁（n=48）的儿童被随机分配到四种与自我距离的操作之一（从近端到远端：自我沉浸，控制，第三人称和范例），对EF进行综合测量。表现随着年龄组之间的自我距离而增加。随访分析表明，5岁奥尔兹正在推动这种效应。随着与自我距离的增加，他们在EF方面表现出显着的改善，无论是从第三人称的角度来看自我还是从榜样他人的角度来看（例如，蝙蝠侠：角色扮演然而，三岁的奥尔兹并没有表现出EF表现随着与自我距离的增加而增加。初步结果表明，心理理论的发展可能有助于这些与年龄相关的疗效差异。这些研究结果说明了心理距离在表达有意识地控制思想和行动中的重要性，并提出了早期EF干预的一个有希望的新途径。
This experimental research assessed the influence of graded levels of self‐distancing – psychological distancing from one's egocentric perspective – on executive function (EF) in young children. Three‐ (n=48) and 5‐year‐old (n=48) children were randomly assigned to one of four manipulations of distance from the self (from proximal to distal: self‐immersed, control, third person, and exemplar) on a comprehensive measure of EF. Performance increased as a function of self‐distancing across age groups. Follow‐up analyses indicated that 5‐year‐olds were driving this effect. They showed significant improvements in EF with increased distance from the self, outperforming controls both when taking a third person perspective on the self and when taking the perspective of an exemplar other (e.g., Batman) through role play. Three‐year‐olds, however, did not show increased EF performance as a function of greater distance from the self. Preliminary results suggest that developments in theory of mind might contribute to these age‐related differences in efficacy. These findings speak to the importance of psychological distancing in the expression of conscious control over thought and action from a young age and suggest a promising new avenue for early EF intervention.