Attentional Bias for Threat: Evidence for Delayed Disengagement from Emotional Faces.
Attentional Bias for Threat: Evidence for Delayed Disengagement from Emotional Faces.
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DOI：
10.1080/02699930143000527
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Dutton K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox E;Russo R;Dutton K
本文报道了三个新的实验，表明在提示范式中，面部提示的效价可以影响注意效应。此外，与中性面孔相比，高度的特质焦虑导致在情绪面部刺激上的注意停留时间增加。实验1提供了一个线索任务，其中的线索是“生气”、“快乐”或“中性”的面部表情。目标可以出现在与人脸相同的位置（有效试验），也可以出现在与人脸不同的位置（无效试验）。在有效的实验中，参与者在不同的线索类型（愤怒、快乐、中性）对目标的反应中没有表现出显著的变化。然而，在无效试验中，脸的效价确实影响了反应时间。具体来说，当面部提示是“愤怒”或“快乐”时，参与者对目标的反应时间比中性的要长。在实验2中，线索-目标刺激开始异步性（SOA）增加，发现整体抑制返回（IOR）效应（即有效试验的反应变慢）。然而，“愤怒”脸线索消除了高特质焦虑组和低特质焦虑组的IOR效应。在实验3中，威胁相关和混乱的面部刺激降低了高特质焦虑参与者的IOR，但对低特质焦虑参与者没有影响。这些结果表明：(i)焦虑中的注意偏倚可能反映了难以脱离与威胁相关的和情绪刺激，（ii）与威胁相关的和模糊的线索可以影响IOR效应的大小。
The present paper reports three new experiments suggesting that the valence of a face cue can influence attentional effects in a cueing paradigm. Moreover, heightened trait anxiety resulted in increased attentional dwell-time on emotional facial stimuli, relative to neutral faces. Experiment 1 presented a cueing task, in which the cue was either an “angry”, “happy”, or “neutral” facial expression. Targets could appear either in the same location as the face (valid trials) or in a different location to the face (invalid trials). Participants did not show significant variations across the different cue types (angry, happy, neutral) in responding to a target on valid trials. However, the valence of the face did affect response times on invalid trials. Specifically, participants took longer to respond to a target when the face cue was “angry” or “happy” relative to neutral. In Experiment 2, the cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was increased and an overall inhibition of return (IOR) effect was found (i.e., slower responses on valid trials). However, the “angry” face cue eliminated the IOR effect for both high and low trait anxious groups. In Experiment 3, threat-related and jumbled facial stimuli reduced the magnitude of IOR for high, but not for low, trait-anxious participants.These results suggest that: (i) attentional bias in anxiety may reflect a difficulty in disengaging from threat-related and emotional stimuli, and (ii) threat-related and ambiguous cues can influence the magnitude of the IOR effect.