Ectopic Lymphoid Structures: Powerhouse of Autoimmunity.

Ectopic Lymphoid Structures: Powerhouse of Autoimmunity.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00430
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Pitzalis C
Pitzalis C
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Corsiero E;Nerviani A;Bombardieri M;Pitzalis C

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异位淋巴结构通常发生在自身免疫性疾病的靶组织炎症部位,如类风湿性关节炎、干燥综合征、多发性硬化症、重症肌无力和系统性红斑狼疮。ELs的特征是形成有组织的T/B细胞聚集体,可以获得支持异位生发中心反应的滤泡树突状细胞网络。本文综述了三级淋巴器官中ELs形成的调控机制,重点介绍了淋巴趋化因子在ELs的形成和维持中的作用,以及ELs发育和功能的新的正、负性调节因子,包括T滤泡辅助细胞和IL-27。最后,我们将讨论ELS在支持自身反应性B细胞的亲和力成熟、克隆选择和分化方面的主要功能,这些B细胞有助于维持和持久体液自身免疫。
Ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) often develop at sites of inflammation in target tissues of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. ELS are characterized by the formation of organized T/B cells aggregates, which can acquire follicular dendritic cells network supporting an ectopic germinal center response. In this review, we shall summarize the mechanisms that regulate the formation of ELS in tertiary lymphoid organs, with particular emphasis on the role of lymphoid chemokines in both formation and maintenance of ELS, the role of emerging positive and negative regulators of ELS development and function, including T follicular helper cells and IL-27, respectively. Finally, we shall discuss the main functions of ELS in supporting the affinity maturation, clonal selection, and differentiation of autoreactive B cells contributing to the maintenance and perpetuation of humoral autoimmunity.
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