Ectopic Lymphoid Structures: Powerhouse of Autoimmunity.
Ectopic Lymphoid Structures: Powerhouse of Autoimmunity.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00430
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Pitzalis C
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Corsiero E;Nerviani A;Bombardieri M;Pitzalis C
Ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) often develop at sites of inflammation in target tissues of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. ELS are characterized by the formation of organized T/B cells aggregates, which can acquire follicular dendritic cells network supporting an ectopic germinal center response. In this review, we shall summarize the mechanisms that regulate the formation of ELS in tertiary lymphoid organs, with particular emphasis on the role of lymphoid chemokines in both formation and maintenance of ELS, the role of emerging positive and negative regulators of ELS development and function, including T follicular helper cells and IL-27, respectively. Finally, we shall discuss the main functions of ELS in supporting the affinity maturation, clonal selection, and differentiation of autoreactive B cells contributing to the maintenance and perpetuation of humoral autoimmunity.
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10.1073/pnas.1101148108
发表时间:
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1001983
发表时间:
2011-02-01
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
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作者:
Chang A;Henderson SG;Brandt D;Liu N;Guttikonda R;Hsieh C;Kaverina N;Utset TO;Meehan SM;Quigg RJ;Meffre E;Clark MR
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