Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoan locomotion: amoeboid movement with almost no actin.
Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoan locomotion: amoeboid movement with almost no actin.
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.92.1.121
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发表时间：
1982-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ward S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nelson GA;Roberts TM;Ward S
秀丽隐杆线虫精子的伪足活动活跃，当精子被解剖到低渗透强度的缓冲盐溶液中时，引起一些细胞移位。在延时录像带上，可以看到伪足突起以20 - 45微米/分钟的速度从伪足的顶端移动到基部。无论细胞是否附着在基底上，都会发生这种移动。细胞的易位依赖于底物。有些精子在酸洗过的玻璃上移位，但更好的基质是将子宫蛔虫提取物（线虫精子活动的正常部位）干燥到载玻片上。在这种基质上，超过一半的精子以与体内观察到的相似的速度（21微米/分钟）移位。易位细胞通过伪足突起附着在基质上。它们总是向伪足移动;方向的变化是由伪足形状的变化引起的，伪足形状的变化决定了细胞与基质的分离和重新附着点。肌动蛋白占精子蛋白质的0.02%以下，肌球蛋白检测不到。精子中没有发现微丝。免疫组化显示，一些肌动蛋白是本地化的补丁中的伪足。然而，精子的运动不受细胞松弛素的影响，因此没有证据表明肌动蛋白参与运动。基因fer-2、fer-4和fer-6中的受精缺陷突变体产生具有缺陷伪足突起的精子，并且这些精子大部分是不动的。精子中的突变体不移位。因此，伪足运动与正常突起的存在相关。12个肌肉缺陷突变体的精子运动正常，所以这些基因并不指定肌肉和非肌肉细胞运动所需的产品。
The pseudopods of Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoa move actively causing some cells to translocate when the sperm are dissected into a low osmotic strength buffered salts solution. On time-lapse video tapes, pseudopodial projections can be seen moving at 20-45 micrometers/min from the tip to the base of the pseudopod. This movement occurs whether or not the cell is attached to a substrate. Translocation of the cell is dependent on the substrate. Some spermatozoa translocate on acid-washed glass, but a better substrate is prepared by drying an extract of Ascaris uteri (the normal site of nematode sperm motility) onto glass slides. On this substrate more than half the spermatozoa translocate at a velocity (21 micrometers/min) similar to that observed in vivo. Translocating cells attach to the substrate by their pseudopodial projections. They always move toward the pseudopod; changes in direction are caused by changes in pseudopod shape that determine points of detachment and reattachment of the cell to the substrate. Actin comprises less than 0.02% of the proteins in sperm, and myosin is undetectable. No microfilaments are found in the sperm. Immunohistochemistry shows that some actin is localized in patches in the pseudopod. The movement of spermatozoa is unaffected by cytochalasins, however, so there is no evidence that actin participates in locomotion. Fertilization-defective mutants in genes fer-2, fer-4, and fer-6 produce spermatozoa with defective pseudopodial projections, and these spermatozoa are largely immotile. Mutants in the spermatozoa do not translocate. Thus pseudopod movement is correlated with the presence of normal projections. Twelve mutants with defective muscles have spermatozoa with normal movement, so these genes do not specify products needed for both muscle and nonmuscle cell motility.