Protective effect of floor cover against soil erosion on steep slopes forested with Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) and other species
Protective effect of floor cover against soil erosion on steep slopes forested with Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) and other species
复制标题
扁柏等树种陡坡地表覆盖物对水土流失的防护作用
DOI：
10.1007/s103100300003
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
T. Yamada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Miura;S. Yoshinaga;T. Yamada
在湿润气候条件下，研究了3种位于陡峭山坡上的森林类型：22年和34年树龄的长叶杉林（hinoki）、34年树龄的日本柳杉林（cryptomeria japonica）和62年树龄的红松林（pinus densiflora）的地表覆盖对土壤侵蚀的保护作用。我们在移除地面覆盖物之前和之后，使用沉积物捕集器测量了沉积物输运率（每毫米降雨通过一米等高线宽度的沉积物质量）。雨滴溅射侵蚀在试验林分中占主导地位。4个林分在伐前阶段的地表覆盖率（FCP）为50% ~ 100%，输沙率为0.0079 ~ 1.7gm-1mm-1。拆除地板覆盖物后立即增加到1.5 - 5.6g - 1mm - 1，并在整个实验过程中保持较高的速率。近地面的物性覆盖对森林斜坡上的泥沙运移有重要影响。FCP显著降低的杉木幼林的保护效应比（对照区输沙率与去除区输沙率之比）最大为0.3，接近裸地。红松林分的防护效果比≤0.003。我们得出的结论是，在日本未受干扰的森林中，地面覆盖的保护作用与以前的研究相比，差异超过两个数量级。
We evaluated the protective effects of floor cover against soil erosion in three types of forest located on steep slopes under a humid climate: 22- and 34-year-oldChamaecyparis obtusa(hinoki), 34-year-oldCryptomeria japonica(sugi), and 62-year-oldPinus densiflora(red pine) stands. We measured sediment transport rates (sediment mass passing through one meter of contour width per millimeter of rainfall), using sediment traps, before and after removing floor cover. Raindrop splash erosion was dominant in the experimental stands. Floor cover percentage (FCP) during the preremoval stage varied from 50% to 100% among the four stands, and sediment transport rates ranged from 0.0079 to 1.7gm–1mm–1. The rates increased to 1.5–5.6g–1mm–1immediately after removing floor cover, and remained high throughout the experiment. The presence of physical cover near the ground has a crucial effect on sediment transport on forested slopes. The protective effect ratio (the ratio of the sediment transport rate in a control plot to that in the removal plot) in a young hinoki stand, in which the FCP decreased markedly, was 0.3 at most, which is close to the rate for bare ground. The protective effect ratio in the red pine stand was ≤0.003. We concluded that the protective effect of floor cover in undisturbed forests in Japan differs by over two orders of magnitude, based on comparisons with previous studies.