5 STUDIES TESTING 2 NEW EGOISTIC ALTERNATIVES TO THE EMPATHY ALTRUISM HYPOTHESIS
5 STUDIES TESTING 2 NEW EGOISTIC ALTERNATIVES TO THE EMPATHY ALTRUISM HYPOTHESIS
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.55.1.52
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发表时间：
1988-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
GRIFFITT, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BATSON, CD;DYCK, JL;GRIFFITT, C
同理心-利他主义假说声称，与对有需要的人产生同理心相关的亲社会动机是针对造福于该人的最终目标，而不是针对某种微妙的自利形式。我们探索了这一假设的两种新的利己主义替代方案。同理心特定奖赏假说认为，与同理心相关的亲社会动机指向获得社会或自我奖励(即表扬、荣誉和骄傲)的目标。移情特定惩罚假说认为，这种动机是为了避免社会或自我惩罚(即谴责、内疚和羞耻)。研究1对同理心特异性奖励假说进行了初步检验。研究2至4使用了三个程序来检验移情特定惩罚假说。在研究5中，使用Stroop程序来评估奖赏相关认知、惩罚相关认知和受害者相关认知在共情-帮助关系中的中介作用。这五项研究的结果既不支持移情特定的奖励假说，也不支持移情特定的惩罚假说。相反，每个研究的结果都支持移情-利他主义假说。移情唤起利他动机的证据继续增加。(《心理信息数据库》记录(C)2016 APA，保留所有权利)
The empathy-altruism hypothesis claims that prosocial motivation associated with feeling empathy for a person in need is directed toward the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, not toward some subtle form of self-benefit. We explored two new egoistic alternatives to this hypothesis. The empathy-specific reward hypothesis proposes that the prosocial motivation associated with empathy is directed toward the goal of obtaining social or self-rewards (ie, praise, honor, and pride). The empathy-specific punishment hypothesis proposes that this motivation is directed toward the goal of avoiding social or self-punishment (ie, censure, guilt, and shame). Study 1 provided an initial test of the empathy-specific reward hypothesis. Studies 2 through 4 used three procedures to test the empathy-specific punishment hypothesis. In Study 5, a Stroop procedure was used to assess the role of reward-relevant, punishment-relevant, and victim-relevant cognitions in mediating the empathy-helping relationship. Results of these five studies did not support either the empathy-specific reward or the empathy-specific punishment hypothesis. Instead, results of each supported the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Evidence that empathic emotion evokes altruistic motivation continues to mount.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)