ENDURING INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES AND RATIONAL CHOICE THEORIES OF CRIME
ENDURING INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES AND RATIONAL CHOICE THEORIES OF CRIME
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DOI：
10.2307/3054102
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
PATERNOSTER, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NAGIN, DS;PATERNOSTER, R
在解释犯罪时，一些犯罪学理论强调犯罪倾向的时间稳定的个体差异，而另一些理论则强调更接近和情境的因素。使用场景数据从大学本科生的样本，我们已经找到了证据来支持这两种立场。犯罪倾向（自我控制能力差）与自我报告的三项犯罪（酒后驾车、盗窃和性侵犯）决定显著相关。即使在考虑了自我控制的差异之后，也有证据表明，犯罪目标的吸引力、以最小风险犯罪的容易程度以及对犯罪成本和收益的看法都与犯罪决定有着显著的关系。我们的研究结果表明，刑事犯罪的理论应包括有关持续的犯罪倾向和选择相关变量的个体差异的概念。
In explaining crime, some criminological theories emphasize time-stable individual differences in propensity to offend while others emphasize more proximate and situational factors. Using scenario data from a sample of college undergraduates we have found evidence to support both positions. A measure of criminal propensity (poor self-control) was found to be significantly related to self-reported decisions to commit three offenses (drunk driving, theft, and sexual assault). Even after considering differences in self-control, there was evidence to suggest that the attractiveness of the crime target, the ease of committing the crime with minimum risk, and perceptions of the costs and benefits of committing the crime were all significantly related to offending decisions. Our results suggest that theories of criminal offending should include notions pertaining to persistent individual differences in criminal propensity and choice-relevant variables.