Evaluating International Tax Reform
Evaluating International Tax Reform
复制标题
评估国际税收改革
作者：
Mihir A. Desai;James R. Hines
本文介绍了“资本所有权中性”（CON）和“国家所有权中性”（NON）这两个国际税制改革可取性的评价基准，并运用它们分析了美国最近的税制改革提案。如果税收制度不扭曲资本资产的所有权，那么它们就满足了CON，当投资的生产率因其所有权而异时，这会促进全球效率。一个所有国家都对外国收入免税的制度满足CON，一个所有国家都对外国收入征税同时提供外国税收抵免的制度也满足CON。如果税收制度通过免除外国收入的税收来促进国内企业的盈利能力，从而促进母国的福利，那么税收制度就满足了NON。资本输出中性、国家中性和资本输入中性的标准规范性基准具有非常不同的含义，因为它们无法解释税收引起的资本所有权变化对生产率的影响。美国的税收改革提案减少了对外国收入的征税，从而使美国的税收制度与其他国家的制度更加一致，这有可能促进美国的利益和全球福利。
This paper introduces "capital ownership neutrality" (CON) and "national ownership neutrality" (NON) as benchmarks for evaluating the desirability of international tax reforms, and applies them to analyze recent U.S. tax reform proposals. Tax systems satisfy CON if they do not distort the ownership of capital assets, which promotes global efficiency whenever the productivity of an investment differs based on its ownership. A regime in which all countries exempt foreign income from taxation satisfies CON, as does a regime in which all countries tax foreign income while providing foreign tax credits. Tax systems satisfy NON if they promote the profitability of domestic firms, and therefore home country welfare, by exempting foreign income from taxation. Standard normative benchmarks of capital export neutrality, national neutrality, and capital import neutrality carry very different implications, since they fail to account for the productivity effects of tax—induced changes in capital ownership. Proposed U.S. tax reforms that reduce the taxation of foreign income, thereby bringing the U.S. tax system more in line with the systems of other countries, have the potential to advance both American interests and global welfare.