Aging and forgetting in prospective and retrospective memory tasks.
Aging and forgetting in prospective and retrospective memory tasks.
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DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.10.2.190
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发表时间：
1993-09
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
E. Maylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Maylor
年龄在52-83岁之间的参与者被要求在一个小时内四次说出30个名人的名字，并在答题卡上标记出两个目标（胡子和烟斗）的试验号码。前瞻记忆任务的初始表现仅与偶然学习的测量有关。随后的遗忘（即成功后失败）在年龄较大的学生中比在年龄较小的学生中更常见，但在恢复（即失败后成功）方面，年龄组之间没有差异。遗忘是由年龄来预测的，即使在回归中加入了综合能力测量后也是如此。恢复仅与一般能力有关。这些结果重复并扩展了先前研究的再分析结果（Maylor, 1990）。它们与年龄对回溯性记忆的影响形成了鲜明的对比，即年龄对初始表现有损害，但对随后的遗忘没有影响。
Ss aged 52-83 years were asked to name 30 famous people 4 times over the course of an hour and to respond to 2 targets (a beard and a pipe) by marking the trial number on the response sheet. Initial performance in the prospective memory task was related only to a measure of incidental learning. Subsequent forgetting (i.e., success followed by failure) occurred more often for older Ss than for younger Ss, but there was no difference between the age groups in recovery (i.e., failure followed by success). Forgetting was predicted by age, even after a composite measure of general ability was included in the regression. Recovery was related to general ability alone. These results both replicate and extend those from a reanalysis of a previous study (Maylor, 1990a). They provide a striking contrast with the effect of age on retrospective memory, namely, age-related impairment on initial performance but no effect of age on subsequent forgetting.