Probing the existence of ultralight bosons with a single gravitational-wave measurement
Probing the existence of ultralight bosons with a single gravitational-wave measurement
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DOI：
10.1038/s41550-019-0712-4
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
14.1
通讯作者：
O. Hannuksela;Ka-wah Wong;R. Brito;E. Berti;T. Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Hannuksela;Ka-wah Wong;R. Brito;E. Berti;T. Li
光玻色子，被认为是基础物理学和宇宙学中各种问题的可能解决方案，包括一大类超越标准模型的物理学候选者，如光子和模量，波暗物质和轴子状粒子。如果自然界中存在轻玻色子，它们将通过超辐射从旋转的大质量黑洞中提取旋转能量，自发形成“云”，这是一种经典的波放大过程，已经研究了几十年。云的超辐射增长决定了最终黑洞的几何形状，而黑洞的几何形状决定了云的形状。因此，黑洞的几何形状和云都编码了关于轻玻色子的信息。由于这个原因，黑洞/云系统的引力场的测量（以引力波编码）是超定的。我们表明，一个单一的引力波测量可以用来验证轻玻色子的存在，通过模型选择，排除其他解释的信号，并测量玻色子质量。这样的测量一般可以在质量范围[10−16.5，10−14] eV的玻色子中进行，使用即将到来的激光干涉仪空间天线（丽莎）对极端质量比吸气（EMRI）的观测。
Light bosons, proposed as a possible solution to various problems in fundamental physics and cosmology, –, include a broad class of candidates for physics beyond the standard model, such as dilatons and moduli, wave dark matter and axion-like particles. If light bosons exist in nature, they will spontaneously form ‘clouds’ by extracting rotational energy from rotating massive black holes through superradiance, a classical wave amplification process that has been studied for decades,. The superradiant growth of the cloud sets the geometry of the final black hole, and the black hole geometry determines the shape of the cloud, –. Hence, both the black hole geometry and the cloud encode information about the light boson. For this reason, measurements of the gravitational field of the black hole/cloud system (as encoded in gravitational waves) are over-determined. We show that a single gravitational-wave measurement can be used to verify the existence of light bosons by model selection, rule out alternative explanations for the signal, and measure the boson mass. Such measurements can be done generically for bosons in the mass range [10−16.5, 10−14] eV using observations of extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) by the forthcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).