Effect of Some Psychoactive Drugs Used as 'Legal Highs' on Brain Neurotransmitters.
Effect of Some Psychoactive Drugs Used as 'Legal Highs' on Brain Neurotransmitters.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12640-015-9569-1
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Górska A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gołembiowska K;Jurczak A;Kamińska K;Noworyta-Sokołowska K;Górska A
新型精神活性“特制药物”是为提供与非法滥用药物类似的效果而开发的合成化合物，但不受法律的管制。新型精神活性药物法律的地位的迅速变化引发了新化合物、众所周知的安非他明或美斯卡林的类似物的开发。用作摇头丸替代品的新型特制药物受到的调查最少，但可能对使用者造成危及生命的影响。我们的研究目的是检查急性给药4-甲氧基苯丙胺的影响（PMA，5和10 mg/kg）、4-甲氧基-N-甲基苯丙胺（PMMA，5和10 mg/kg）和甲氧麻黄酮（MEPH，5，10和20 mg/kg）对大鼠脑细胞外和组织水平多巴胺（DA），5-羟色胺（5-HT）及其代谢产物的影响，采用自由活动动物微透析法和高效液相色谱法。与3，4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA，5和10 mg/kg）类似，PMA，PMMA和MEPH促进大鼠纹状体，中脑核和额叶皮质DA和5-HT的释放。MEPH和PMMA增加了纹状体的DA组织含量，MEPH、PMA和PMMA增加了伏隔核的DA组织含量，PMA增加了额叶皮质的DA组织含量。相反，MEPH和PMMA降低了皮质DA水平。MEPH不影响纹状体和丘脑核5-HT组织水平，但降低额叶皮质5-HT组织水平。PMMA使纹状体内5-HT含量增加，PMA则使丘脑前核和额叶皮质内5-HT含量增加。观察到的脑单胺及其代谢产物的变化，新的精神活性药物表明，这些药物可能能够依赖的发展。需要进一步的实验来充分研究这些药物的神经毒性和滥用潜力。
New psychoactive “designer drugs” are synthetic compounds developed to provide similar effects to illicit drugs of abuse, but not subjected to legal control. The rapidly changing legal status of novel psychoactive drugs triggers the development of new compounds, analogs of well-known amphetamine or mescaline. New designer drugs used as substitutes in ecstasy pills are the least investigated and can cause life-threatening effects on users. The aim of our research was to examine the effects of acute administration of 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA, 5 and 10 mg/kg), 4-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine (PMMA, 5 and 10 mg/kg), and mephedrone (MEPH, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) on extracellular and tissue level of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites in rat brain, by microdialysis method in freely moving animals and HPLC. Similarly to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 5 and 10 mg/kg) PMA, PMMA and MEPH enhanced the release of DA and 5-HT in rat striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex. DA tissue content was increased by MEPH and PMMA in striatum, by MEPH, PMA, and PMMA in nucleus accumbens, and by PMA in frontal cortex. Instead, cortical DA level was decreased by MEPH and PMMA. MEPH did not influence 5-HT tissue level in striatum and nucleus accumbens, but decreased its level in frontal cortex. PMMA increased 5-HT content in striatum, while PMA enhanced it in nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex. Observed changes in brain monoamines and their metabolites by new psychoactive drugs suggest that these drugs may be capable of development of dependence. Further experiments are needed to fully investigate the neurotoxic and abuse potential of those drugs.