Exosome isolation using nanostructures and microfluidic devices.
Exosome isolation using nanostructures and microfluidic devices.
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-605x/abde70
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发表时间：
2021-02-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fan ZH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Le MN;Fan ZH
外泌体包含蛋白质、脂质、微小核糖核酸和功能性信使核糖核酸等物质，它们在细胞间通讯中起着关键作用，并包含有关疾病病理等生物过程的有价值信息。为了挖掘其在疾病诊断、预后和治疗方面的潜力，外泌体分离是为研究和临床目的提供纯净且完整样本的关键第一步。不幸的是，传统的外泌体分离方法存在纯度低、捕获效率低、处理时间长、所需样本量大、需要专用设备和训练有素的人员以及成本高等问题。在过去十年中，微流控装置，尤其是那些包含纳米结构的装置，已成为外泌体分离和检测的优越替代方案。在这篇综述中，我们研究了微流控平台，根据其捕获机制将它们分为六类：基于被动结构的亲和性、基于免疫磁的亲和性、过滤、声流体、动电学和光流体。在此，我们首先探讨转化为新的外泌体分离设计的重要性能参数的研究和临床需求。然后，我们简要介绍传统方法，并讨论它们未能满足这些性能标准如何引发了对微流控装置创新的浓厚兴趣。这篇综述的核心是不仅对这些微流控平台的技术细节，而且对它们在所述性能参数方面的优势和劣势进行深入讨论。为了结束讨论，我们呼吁将外泌体确认和污染评估纳入未来装置开发和性能评估过程的一部分，以便共同努力，使用于外泌体分离和分析的微流控和纳米技术能够尽快在实际应用中得到应用。
Exosomes contain cargoes of proteins, lipids, micro-ribonucleic acids, and functional messenger RNAs, and they play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and hold valuable information about biological processes such as disease pathology. To harvest their potentials in disease diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics, exosome isolation is a crucial first step in providing pure and intact samples for both research and clinical purposes. Unfortunately, conventional methods for exosome separation suffer from low purity, low capture efficiency, long processing time, large sample volume requirement, the need for dedicated equipment and trained personnel, and high cost. In the last decade, microfluidic devices, especially those that incorporate nanostructures, have emerged as superior alternatives for exosome isolation and detection. In this review, we examine microfluidic platforms, dividing them into six categories based on their capture mechanisms: passive-structure-based affinity, immunomagnetic-based affinity, filtration, acoustofluidics, electrokinetics, and optofluidics. Here, we start out exploring the research and clinical needs that translate into important performance parameters for new exosome isolation designs. Then, we briefly introduce the conventional methods and discuss how their failure to meet those performance standards sparks an intense interest in microfluidic device innovations. The essence of this review is to lead an in-depth discussion on not only the technicality of those microfluidic platforms, but also their strengths and weaknesses with regards to the performance parameters set forth. To close the conversation, we call for the inclusion of exosome confirmation and contamination evaluation as part of future device development and performance assessment process, so that collectively, efforts towards microfluidics and nanotechnology for exosome isolation and analysis may soon see the light of real-world applications.