Interannual variability of ecosystem carbon exchange: From observation to prediction
Interannual variability of ecosystem carbon exchange: From observation to prediction
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DOI：
10.1111/geb.12633
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
S. Niu;Zheng Fu;Yiqi Luo;P. Stoy;T. Keenan;B. Poulter;Leiming Zhang;S. Piao;Xuhui Zhou;Han Zheng;Jiayin Han;Qiufeng Wang;Guirui Yu
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Niu;Zheng Fu;Yiqi Luo;P. Stoy;T. Keenan;B. Poulter;Leiming Zhang;S. Piao;Xuhui Zhou;Han Zheng;Jiayin Han;Qiufeng Wang;Guirui Yu
目的在过去的几十年里，陆地生态系统平均封存了相当于30%的人为碳(C)排放，但每年的封存情况各不相同。为了有效地进行碳管理，必须对陆地净生态系统碳交换(NEE)的年际变化(IAV)有一个预测性的了解。地理位置全球陆地生态系统。方法对全球、区域和生态系统三个尺度上的大气环境质量进行综合评价。然后，我们概述了一个概念框架，用于理解气候因素的异常如何影响C循环的生态过程，从而通过生物地球化学调节影响NEE的IAV。结果在全球、区域和生态系统尺度上普遍观察到陆地NEE中的IAV现象。全球IAV往往归因于热带或半干旱地区，或两者的某种组合，这一点仍在争论中。以往的研究侧重于确定气候因素是IAV的驱动力，而生态系统需求IAV背后的生物学机制还不是很清楚。我们发现，气候异常主要通过对生态系统碳吸收和呼吸的不同影响来影响NEE的IAV。此外，最近的研究表明，在NEE中，碳吸收周期对IAV的贡献小于碳吸收幅度。尽管LAND模型包含了IAV的大多数基础过程，但它们预测NEE中IAV的有效性仍然很低。主要结论为了提高我们预测未来陆地碳循环的IAV的能力，我们必须了解气候因素的异常导致NEE的IAV的生物学机制。未来的研究不仅需要关注气候异常对光合作用和呼吸作用的不同影响，而且还需要关注碳吸收周期和幅度在引起近东环流IAV中的相对重要性。归根结底，我们需要多种独立的方法，如基准分析、数据同化和时间序列统计，以整合数据、建模框架和理论，以提高我们预测未来陆地C周期IAV的能力。
Aim Terrestrial ecosystems have sequestered, on average, the equivalent of 30% of anthropogenic carbon (C) emissions during the past decades, but annual sequestration varies from year to year. For effective C management, it is imperative to develop a predictive understanding of the interannual variability (IAV) of terrestrial net ecosystem C exchange (NEE). Location Global terrestrial ecosystems. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review to examine the IAV of NEE at global, regional and ecosystem scales. Then we outlined a conceptual framework for understanding how anomalies in climate factors impact ecological processes of C cycling and thus influence the IAV of NEE through biogeochemical regulation. Results The phenomenon of IAV in land NEE has been ubiquitously observed at global, regional and ecosystem scales. Global IAV is often attributable to either tropical or semi-arid regions, or to some combination thereof, which is still under debate. Previous studies focus on identifying climate factors as driving forces of IAV, whereas biological mechanisms underlying the IAV of ecosystem NEE are less clear. We found that climate anomalies affect the IAV of NEE primarily through their differential impacts on ecosystem C uptake and respiration. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the carbon uptake period makes less contribution than the carbon uptake amplitude to IAV in NEE. Although land models incorporate most processes underlying IAV, their efficacy to predict the IAV in NEE remains low. Main conclusions To improve our ability to predict future IAV of the terrestrial C cycle, we have to understand biological mechanisms through which anomalies in climate factors cause the IAV of NEE. Future research needs to pay more attention not only to the differential effects of climate anomalies on photosynthesis and respiration but also to the relative importance of the C uptake period and amplitude in causing the IAV of NEE. Ultimately, we need multiple independent approaches, such as benchmark analysis, data assimilation and time-series statistics, to integrate data, modelling frameworks and theory to improve our ability to predict future IAV in the terrestrial C cycle.