Indicators and benchmarks for wind erosion monitoring, assessment and management
Indicators and benchmarks for wind erosion monitoring, assessment and management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105881
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发表时间：
2020-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
N. Webb;E. Kachergis;S. W. Miller;Sarah E. McCord;B. Bestelmeyer;Joel R. Brown;A. Chappell;B. Edwards;J. Herrick;J. Karl;J. Leys;L. Metz;Stephen G. Smarik;J. Tatarko;J. Zee;G. Zwicke
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文献类型：
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作者：
N. Webb;E. Kachergis;S. W. Miller;Sarah E. McCord;B. Bestelmeyer;Joel R. Brown;A. Chappell;B. Edwards;J. Herrick;J. Karl;J. Leys;L. Metz;Stephen G. Smarik;J. Tatarko;J. Zee;G. Zwicke
风蚀和扬尘威胁着全球旱地的粮食安全、人类健康和生态系统服务。需要监测风蚀为管理提供信息，明确的监测目标对于将监测信息解释和转化为管理行动至关重要。监测目标应确立数量准则，以确定风蚀指标与管理基准之间的关系，这些基准反映可容忍的侵蚀和粉尘生产水平，并考虑到对生态系统过程、物种、农业生产系统和人类福祉的影响。在这里，我们：1)严格审查风蚀和吹尘指标，目前可供从业人员使用；2)描述建立风蚀评估和管理基准的方法。我们发现，虽然有许多指标可用于监测风蚀，但只有一小部分被常规使用，大多数监测工作都集中在粉尘对空气质量的影响上。需要将指标与侵蚀区土壤和植被的因果控制联系起来，以便直接为管理提供信息。利用区域标准化土壤和植被监测数据集、遥感和模型提供关于景观风蚀的新信息具有很大的潜力。我们根据实验研究、机制和经验模型，以及从历史或现有参考地点的监测数据中获得的指标值分布，确定了为这些指标建立基准的最佳做法。随着监测技术的变化，这里描述的建立基准的方法具有持久的效用，并使管理人员能够评估受风蚀管理影响的生态系统服务之间的共同利益和潜在权衡。
Wind erosion and blowing dust threaten food security, human health and ecosystem services across global drylands. Monitoring wind erosion is needed to inform management, with explicit monitoring objectives being critical for interpreting and translating monitoring information into management actions. Monitoring objectives should establish quantitative guidelines for determining the relationship of wind erosion indicators to management benchmarks that reflect tolerable erosion and dust production levels considering impacts to, for example, ecosystem processes, species, agricultural production systems and human well-being. Here we: 1) critically review indicators of wind erosion and blowing dust that are currently available to practitioners; and 2) describe approaches for establishing benchmarks to support wind erosion assessments and management. We find that while numerous indicators are available for monitoring wind erosion, only a subset have been used routinely and most monitoring efforts have focused on air quality impacts of dust. Indicators need to be related to the causal soil and vegetation controls in eroding areas to directly inform management. There is great potential to use regional standardized soil and vegetation monitoring datasets, remote sensing and models to provide new information on wind erosion across landscapes. We identify best practices for establishing benchmarks for these indicators based on experimental studies, mechanistic and empirical models, and distributions of indicator values obtained from monitoring data at historic or existing reference sites. The approaches to establishing benchmarks described here have enduring utility as monitoring technologies change and enable managers to evaluate co-benefits and potential trade-offs among ecosystem services as affected by wind erosion management.