Heme binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

Heme binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105014
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发表时间:
2023-08
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Raven, Emma L.
Raven, Emma L.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Freeman, Samuel L.;Oliveira, A. Sofia F.;Gallio, Andrea E.;Rosa, Annachiara;Simitakou, Maria K.;Arthur, Christopher J.;Mulholland, Adrian J.;Cherepanov, Peter;Raven, Emma L.

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体液免疫的靶标SARS-CoV-2刺突糖蛋白已成为疫苗研发的重点。先前的研究表明,SARS-CoV-2 刺突的 N 末端结构域 (NTD) 结合胆绿素(血红素分解代谢的产物),对一部分中和抗体的活性产生强烈的变构效应。在此,我们证明刺突糖蛋白也能够结合血红素(KD = 0.5 ± 0.2 μM)。分子模型表明,血红素基团非常适合 SARS-CoV-2 刺突 NTD 的同一口袋内。该口袋内衬有芳香族和疏水性残基(W104、V126、I129、F192、F194、I203 和 L226),为稳定疏水性血红素提供了合适的环境。 N121 的诱变对血红素结合具有实质性影响 (KD = 3000 ± 220 μM),证实口袋是病毒糖蛋白的主要血红素结合位置。抗坏血酸存在下的偶联氧化实验表明,SARS-CoV-2糖蛋白可以催化血红素缓慢转化为胆绿素。刺突的血红素捕获和氧化活性可能使病毒在感染过程中降低游离血红素的水平,以利于逃避适应性和先天免疫。
The target for humoral immunity, SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, has become the focus of vaccine research and development. Previous work demonstrated that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike binds biliverdin—a product of heme catabolism—causing a strong allosteric effect on the activity of a subset of neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we show that the spike glycoprotein is also able to bind heme (KD = 0.5 ± 0.2 μM). Molecular modeling indicated that the heme group fits well within the same pocket on the SARS-CoV-2 spike NTD. Lined by aromatic and hydrophobic residues (W104, V126, I129, F192, F194, I203, and L226), the pocket provides a suitable environment to stabilize the hydrophobic heme. Mutagenesis of N121 has a substantive effect on heme binding (KD = 3000 ± 220 μM), confirming the pocket as a major heme binding location of the viral glycoprotein. Coupled oxidation experiments in the presence of ascorbate indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein can catalyze the slow conversion of heme to biliverdin. The heme trapping and oxidation activities of the spike may allow the virus to reduce levels of free heme during infection to facilitate evasion of the adaptive and innate immunity.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273500
发表时间: 2022
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影响因子: 3.7
作者:
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