Nanomedicine strategies for central nervous system (CNS) diseases
Nanomedicine strategies for central nervous system (CNS) diseases
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DOI：
10.3389/fbiom.2023.1215384
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发表时间：
2023-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shreya Nagri;Olivia Rice;Yupeng Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shreya Nagri;Olivia Rice;Yupeng Chen
血脑屏障(BBB)是脑解剖学的重要组成部分，因为它是一种特殊的保护性屏障，确保营养物质适当地输送到大脑，最终导致调节适当的大脑功能。然而，由于这种选择性，在提供治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病的药物方面存在重大挑战。已经设计了各种不同的车辆来跨越这一障碍运送药物来治疗神经退行性疾病，极大地影响了患者的生活质量。用于穿越血脑屏障的两种主要载体是聚合物和脂质体，这两种载体都包裹了药物，使它们能够通过细胞转运血脑屏障的细胞。对于阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、多发性硬化症和胶质母细胞瘤脑癌，有各种不同的纳米颗粒疗法正在开发中，以提高现有药物或新药靶点的生物利用度和靶向能力，以减轻这些疾病的症状。通过这些系统，纳米药物提供了一种新的方法来靶向特定组织，特别是针对中枢神经系统，并治疗疾病，而不会像目前使用的药物那样出现全身毒性。
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial part of brain anatomy as it is a specialized, protective barrier that ensures proper nutrient transport to the brain, ultimately leading to regulating proper brain function. However, it presents a major challenge in delivering pharmaceuticals to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases due to this selectivity. A variety of different vehicles have been designed to deliver drugs across this barrier to treat neurodegenerative diseases, greatly impacting the patient’s quality of life. The two main types of vehicles used to cross the BBB are polymers and liposomes, which both encapsulate pharmaceuticals to allow them to transcytose the cells of the BBB. For Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and glioblastoma brain cancer, there are a variety of different nanoparticle treatments in development that increase the bioavailability and targeting ability of existing drugs or new drug targets to decrease symptoms of these diseases. Through these systems, nanomedicine offers a new way to target specific tissues, especially for the CNS, and treat diseases without the systemic toxicity that often comes with medications used currently.