Energy models of motivation: A reconsideration
Energy models of motivation: A reconsideration
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-1591(96)01153-7
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Hogan, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hogan, JA
在世纪上半叶，大多数行为理论都援引了一些动机的概念，其中包括能量或驱动变量。由于各种原因，这些变量受到广泛批评，在过去30年中已普遍过时。本文探讨了一些批评的能量变量，特别是假设的洛伦兹，并提出了克服许多反对意见的方法。提出了一个能量变量，它具有多个能量来源（内部和外部）和多种能量耗散方式（行为的表现、替代行为的表现和时间的流逝）。从研究结果的dustbathing在鸡，攻击和其他行为的鱼，在人类的睡眠进行审查，并显示部分占能量变量的波动。然而，在大多数情况下，需要一个额外的变量，称为阈值，以全面考虑所观察到的行为。它的结论是，一般的动机理论应该包括一个能量变量和阈值变量。(C)1997年Elsevier Science B.V.
During the first half of the 20th century, most theories of behavior invoked some concept of motivation that included an energy or drive variable. For a variety of reasons, such variables were widely criticized and have been generally out of fashion during the past 30 years. This paper examines some of the criticisms of energy variables, especially as postulated by Lorenz, and suggests ways of overcoming many of the objections raised. An energy variable is proposed that has multiple sources of energy (both internal and external) and multiple means of dissipating energy (performance of the behavior, performance of alternative behavior, and passage of time). Results from studies on dustbathing in chickens, attack and other behavior in fish, and sleep in humans are reviewed and shown to be partially accounted for by fluctuations in an energy variable. In most cases, however, an additional variable, called threshold, is required for a full account of the observed behavior. It is concluded that a general theory of motivation should include both an energy variable and a threshold variable. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.