3D Printing of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration Applications.
3D Printing of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration Applications.
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DOI：
10.1002/adhm.201500168
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发表时间：
2015-08-26
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Salem AK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Do AV;Khorsand B;Geary SM;Salem AK
目前患者对器官和组织置换、修复和再生的需求持续增长，使得供应不能满足高需求，主要是由于供体的缺乏以及导致移植免疫排斥的生物相容性问题。为了克服这些缺点，在组织工程和再生医学领域工作的科学家已经研究了使用支架作为移植的替代方案。这些支架被设计为通过提供结构支撑以及促进附着、增殖和分化来模拟细胞外基质（ECM），最终目标是产生功能性组织或器官。开发支架的最初尝试是有问题的，随后激发了人们对3D打印作为生成支架的模式的兴趣。利用三维打印（3DP）技术，可以以高度的复杂性和精度生产ECM样支架，其中可以包括微米级的精细细节。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了打印可行的和功能的支架，支架材料，和3DP技术用于打印组织工程支架的标准。采用天然和合成材料以及多种印刷工艺的混合方法可能是产生具有高机械强度、孔隙率、互连性、生物相容性、生物降解性和高加工性的ECM样支架的关键。创造这种生物功能支架可能有助于满足患者对组织和器官的需求，而不必等待或依赖供体进行移植。
The current need for organ and tissue replacement, repair and regeneration for patients is continually growing such that supply is not meeting the high demand primarily due to a paucity of donors as well as biocompatibility issues that lead to immune rejection of the transplant. In an effort to overcome these drawbacks, scientists working in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have investigated the use of scaffolds as an alternative to transplantation. These scaffolds are designed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) by providing structural support as well as promoting attachment, proliferation, and differentiation with the ultimate goal of yielding functional tissues or organs. Initial attempts at developing scaffolds were problematic and subsequently inspired a growing interest in 3D printing as a mode for generating scaffolds. Utilizing three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies, ECM-like scaffolds can be produced with a high degree of complexity and precision, where fine details can be included at a micron level. In this review, we discuss the criteria for printing viable and functional scaffolds, scaffolding materials, and 3DP technologies used to print scaffolds for tissue engineering. A hybrid approach, employing both natural and synthetic materials, as well as multiple printing processes may be the key to yielding an ECM-like scaffold with high mechanical strength, porosity, interconnectivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high processability. Creating such biofunctional scaffolds could potentially help to meet the demand by patients for tissues and organs without having to wait or rely on donors for transplantation.